. 2022 Jul 27;19(15):9180. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159180

Table 1.

Summary of included studies and articles.

Articles (First Author and Year); (Study Name) ¹	State/ Region; Sampling ²	Population Description; Sample Size ³	Study Period; Age Range (and/or Mean) ⁴	Outcomes ⁵
Articles (First Author and Year); (Study Name) ¹	State/ Region; Sampling ²	Population Description; Sample Size ³	Study Period; Age Range (and/or Mean) ⁴	Obesity	BP	Glucose	Lipids	MetS
Longitudinal Studies
Mackerras 2003 [37], Sayers 2004 [38], Sayers 2007 [39], Sellers 2008 [15], Sayers 2009 [40], Sayers 2011 [41], Priest 2011 [42], Sayers 2013 [43], Mann 2015 [44], Juonala 2016 [17], Gialamas 2018 [45], Sjöholm 2018 [46], Juonala 2019 [47], Sevoyan 2019 ^† [48], Sjöholm 2020 [49], Sjöholm 2021 [50]; (ABC)	NT; Hospital	Singletons delivered at Royal Darwin Hospital between January 1987 and March 1990 to an Aboriginal mother; n = 686	1987–2016; W2: 8–14 (11), W3: 16–20 (18), W4: 23–28 (25)	X	X	X	X	X
Thurber 2013 ^‡ [51], Thurber 2015 [52], Thurber 2017 [53], Shepherd 2017 [54], Deacon-Crouch 2018 [55], Cave 2019a, [56] Cave 2019b [57], Westrupp 2019 [58], Fatima 2020 [59]; (LSIC)	National; Community/ population database	Indigenous children aged 0.5–2 years (‘younger cohort’) and 3.5–5 years (‘older cohort’) at baseline (2008), purposively recruited using administrative databases and local community networks at 11 undisclosed sites representing a mix of remote, regional and urban Australian locations; n = 1759	2008–2015; W1: 0.5–5, W3: 2–7, W4: 3–9, W6: 5–10, W7: 6–12, W8: 7–12 (9)	X
Larkins 2017 [60], Riley 2021 [61]; (SEARCH)	NSW; Clinic/community	Aboriginal children aged 0–17 years (with a parent/ caregiver >16 years) who attended one of four participating ACCHS in urban and large regional centers in NSW (Mount Druitt, Campbelltown, Wagga Wagga, Newcastle), recruited between 2008 and 2011; n = 1594	2008–2020; Baseline: 2–17 (6.3), W2: 5–18		X	X	X
Webster 2013 [62], Denney-Wilson 2020 [63]; (Gudaga study)	NSW; Hospital	Aboriginal infants born at Campbelltown hospital or to mothers who resided in the Campbelltown region of Sydney between October 2005 and May 2007; n = 159	2007–2016; W1: 2, W2: 9	X
Pringle 2019 [64]; (Gomeroi gaaynggal study)	NSW; Clinic	Infants born since 2010 to mothers who identified during pregnancy as Indigenous or who were carrying an Indigenous infant and attended a participating antenatal clinic or AMS in Tamworth or Walgett, NSW; n = 245	2010–2017; 1–3 (2)	X
Campbell 2019 [65]	Qld.; Clinic	Indigenous people aged 15–25 years who attended Gurriny Yealamucka Health Service Aboriginal Corporation in Yarrabah between 2013 and 2016 for a Young Persons Check (Medicare item 715); n = 433	2013–2016 ^; 15–25	X	X	X	X	X
Braun 1996 [66]	WA; Random/community	A random, opportunistic sample of 100 apparently healthy Aboriginal people aged 7–18 years in 1989, with 25 each from 4 communities in the Kimberley region of WA, followed up after 5 years; n = 100	1989–1994; Baseline: 7–18 (13), Follow-up: ~12–23 (18)			X
Cross-Sectional Studies
Valery 2009 [16], Valery 2012 [67]	Torres Strait; School	Students aged 5–17 years who attended one of the five schools across four Torres Strait islands: Thursday Island, Horn Island, Sue Island, and Mabuiag Island; n = 327	2003; 5–17 (11.2)	X	X	X	X	X
Spurrier 2012 [68]	SA; Preschool	Children attending preschool or kindergarten in SA in 2009 aged 3–6 years; n = 337 ^§	2009; 3.5–6 (4.8)	X
Haysom 2013 [69]; (YPiCHS 2009)	NSW; Custodial	Young people (87% male) in custody in NSW between August and October 2009; n = 151 ^§	2009; 13–21 (17)	X
Esler 2016 [70]	Qld.; Community	Indigenous young people aged 15–24 years from 11 remote north Queensland communities attending their first Young Persons Check between March 2009 and April 2011; n = 1883	2009–2011; 15–24 (18.8)		X
Singh 2003 [71], Singh 2004 [72]	NT; Community	Participants of a community-wide health screening program conducted between 1992 and 1998 in an Aboriginal community on a remote island off the northern coast of Australia; n = 1473 (Singh 2003 n = 311 ^§, Singh 2004 n = 210 ^§)	1992–1998; Singh 2003: 7–17 (13.3) ^§, Singh 2004: 4–14 (9.5) ^§		X
Two articles with overlapping samples:
Schutte 2005 [36]	Central Australia, Torres Strait, North Qld.	Aboriginal people over 15 years of age from Central Australia and Torres Strait Islander people from Torres Strait and Far North Queensland communities who participated in community-based diabetes and coronary risk factor assessments between 1993 and 1995; n = 485 ^§	1993–1995; 15–29 ^§		X
Daniel 2002 [35]	Central, northern, north-western Australia; Community	Residents over 15 years of age from 15 remote Aboriginal settlements who participated in community-based diabetes and coronary risk factor assessments between 1983 and 1997; n ~1450 ^§	1989–1994; 15–34 ^§			X
Smith 1992 [73]	WA; Population database	Random selection of Aboriginal people aged 15–70 years in the Kimberley region of WA, identified from the WA Health Department Community Healthy Client Register as at January 1987; n = 118 ^§	1988–1989; 15–29 ^§		X		X
Intervention Studies
Smithers 2017 [74], Smithers 2021 [75] (Baby Teeth Talk trial)	SA; Clinic/community	Children of women who were SA residents and were either pregnant with or had given birth to an Aboriginal baby within the previous 6 weeks, recruited from January 2011 to May 2012; n = 454 (448 mothers)	2011–2016; W1: 2, W2: 3	X	X
Black 2013 [76]	NSW; Clinic	Children under 17 years from 55 participating families recruited at 3 ACCHSs in NSW (Grafton, Coffs Harbour, Bowraville) between December 2008 and September 2009, with follow-up assessments between December 2009 and September 2010; n = 167	2008–2010; Baseline: 2–17 (7.6)	X
Gwynn 2014 ^‡ [77] (MRDPP)	NSW; School	Children in school years 5, 6, 7 and 8 from all primary and high schools in the Kempsey and Greater Taree regions of NSW during Summer 2007/08 (control group) and 2011/12 (intervention group); n = 251 control ^§, 240 intervention ^§	Summer 2007–2008 and 2011–2012; Years 5–8 (~10–14)	X
Qualitative Studies
Angelino 2017 [78]	Qld.; Clinic	Mother (≥18 years) or grandmother of an eligible Indigenous child (5–14 years and attended Townsville Aboriginal and Islander Health Service from 31 June 2013 until 1 July 2014), an active client of the health service, and had expressed concern with their child’s weight; n = 9	2013–2014; 5–14	X

¹: † the sample in this article combines ABC participants (80% of sample) and a non-Indigenous birth cohort; ‡ grey literature; ABC = Aboriginal Birth Cohort; LSIC = Footprints in Time: The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children; MRDPP = Many Rivers Diabetes Prevention Project; YPiCHS = NSW Young People in Custody Health Survey; SEARCH = Study of Environment on Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health. ²: NSW = New South Wales; NT = Northern Territory; Qld. = Queensland; SA = South Australia; WA = Western Australia. ³: § sample size of included subgroup (disaggregated by age or Indigenous status); ACCHS = Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service; AMS = Aboriginal Medical Service; ⁴: § age of included subgroup; W1 = follow-up wave 1; ^ retrospective exposure assessment. ⁵: Outcomes: Obesity = obesity measures; BP = blood pressure; Glucose = blood glucose, insulin, or diabetes; Lipids = blood lipids; MetS = the metabolic syndrome, or cardio-metabolic risk marker clustering; ‘X’ denotes outcomes measured by study.