Table 1.

Overview of discussed microfluidic devices for nanoparticles synthesis.

Device	Synthesized Nanoparticles	Process Parameters	Product Properties	Reference
Y-type microreactor	Curcumin-loaded liposomes	Flow rate ratio—1:1 (organic: aqueous) Total flow rates—1 and 3 mL/min	Mean particle size—~200 nm Encapsulation efficiency—99.9%	[6]
Flow-focusing microreactor	PEG—crosslinked HA nanoparticles	Temperature—4 °C Flow rate ratio—0.27 Thiol | vinyl sulfone groups ratio—0.0011	Mean particle size—150 ± 25 nm	[52]
Flow-focusing microreactor	Silver nanoparticles	Aqueous phase flow rate—14 μL/min Oil phase flow rate—80 μL/min	Particle size range—6.2–34.2 nm (increasing with heating time)	[54]
Flow-focusing microreactor	Magnetite nanoparticles	Side inlet channels flow rate—150 mL/h Middle channel flowrate—varied from 20 to 60 mL/h	Particle size <10 nm Zeta potential—ranged from −72.54 to −4.87 mV	[50]
S-shaped micromixer	Gold nanobipyramids	Total estimated flow rate—ranged from 360 to 520 μL/min	Average length range—134–145 nm Average width range—44–48 nm (increasing with the increase in silver nitrate flow rate)	[61]
S-shape micromixer	PtFeCu/C nanocatalysts	Solvent flow rate-60 mL/h	Average particle diameter depending on solvent: PEG200—1.8 ± 0.3 nm PEG400—2.2 ± 0.3 nm PEG 600—1.7 ± 0.3 nm Water—4.1 ± 0.7 nm EG—3.1 ± 0.4 nm	[4]
Staggered herringbone micromixer	Chitosan (CS)/sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP)	CS/TPP mass ratio—ranged from 5:1 to 8.83:1 Total flow rate—ranged from 5 to 12 mL/min	Average hydrodynamic diameter—ranged from 40 to 400 nm Average Zeta potential—ranged from +18.9 ± 0.6 to +34.6 ± 1.0	[65]
Staggered herringbone micromixer	Metformin and garcinol-loaded niosomes	Total flow rate—ranged from 5 to 12 mL/min	Average particle diameter depending on flow rate ratio (aqueous:organic) and solvent: 1:1—Span-60—<1 μm 1:1—Tween-20—>1 μm 3:1—Span-60—100–150 nm 3:1—Tween-20—100–150 nm 5:1—Span-60—100–150 nm 5:1—Tween-20—<100 nm	[66]
Swirl micromixer	Curcumin-loaded liposomes	Flow rate ratio—3:1 (aqueous:organic) Total flow rate—ranged from 4 to 320 mL/min Reynolds number—ranged from 115.2 to 9217.3 (increased with increasing total flow rate)	Average particle size—ranged from 50.2 to 133.9 nm	[42]
Combined geometry device	Ficin capped gold nano clusters	Temperature—65 °C Oil phase flow rate—33.0 μL/min Aqueous flow rate—ranged from 8.0 to 25.0 μL/min	Average particle size: 5.6 ± 1.0 nm	[74]
Combined geometry device	Liposomes	Lipid solution flow rate: 3 and 4.5 mL/h Aqueous solution flow rate: 30 mL/h	Diameter range: 217–274 nm	[76]
Combined geometry device	PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles loaded with fluorescent dyes	Flow rate ratio—4:6 (organic: aqueous)	Average particle size—~100 nm	[78]
Combined geometry device	Gold nanoparticles	Helium flow rate—1.0 SCCM Gold precursor solution flow rate—0.05 mL/min	Unform particle size Single crystal structure	[84]
3D printed device	Silver nanoparticles	Temperature—20 °C Reactants flow rates—30 and 120 μL/min	Average particle size—ranged from 5 ± 2 nm to 8 ± 3 nm	[103]
3D printed device	Gold nanoparticles	Temperature—90 °C Reactants flow rates—40 and 100 μL/min	Average particle size—ranged from 20 ± 9 to 34 ± 12 nm	[103]