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. 2022 Aug 3;19(15):9549. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159549

Table 1.

Sample characteristics.

Author Country N Age
M (SD)
Marital Status
N; %
Educational Level
N; %
Weeks Pregnant
M (SD)
EG CG EG CG EG CG EG CG EG CG
[64] USA 18 7 30.5
(4.05)
  • Married or cohabitating 20; 83%

  • Graduate or post-graduate 25; 100%

n/r n/r
[65] Norway 678 664 31 (4.6) 31.1 (4.5) n/r n/r
  • ≤high school 100, 14.7%

  • 1–3 years of university 189, 27.9%

  • ≥4–5 years college or university 389, 57.4%

  • ≤high school 107, 16.1%

  • 1–3 years of university 183, 27.6%

  • ≥4–5 years college or university 374, 56.3%

n/r n/r
[66] USA 46 45 28.91 (4.25) 29.16 (4.11) n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r
[67] Australia 36 41 31.69 (4.44) 31.54 (3.63)
  • In a relationship 10; 28%

  • Separated or divorced 1; 3%

  • Married 23; 64%

  • Single 2; 6%

  • In a relationship 4; 10%

  • Separated or divorced 0; 0%

  • Married 36; 88%

  • Single 1; 2%

  • <high-school 3; 8%

  • Trace certificate/Diploma 8; 22%

  • Undergraduate degree 17; 47%

  • Post-graduate degree 8; 22%

  • <high-school 1; 2%

  • Trace certificate/Diploma 4; 10%

  • Undergraduate degree 29; 71%

  • Post-graduate degree 7; 17%

20.54 (6.01) 22.63 (5.76)
[68] # Ireland 32 14 33.81(2.53)
  • In a relationship 4; 11.1%

  • Married 32; 88.9%

n/r n/r 16.15
(2.88)
[69] China 84 84 30.27 (3.8) 29.55 (4.21)
  • Married 167; 100%

n/r n/r 13.81 * (na) 14.41 * (na)
[70] China 62 61 31.31
(4.97)
30.98
(3.91)
n/r n/r
  • ≤high-school 5; 8.1%

  • Some college 19; 30.6%

  • Undergraduate degree 31; 50%

  • ≥Post-graduate degree 7; 11.3%

  • ≤high-school 11; 18%

  • Some college 15; 24.6%

  • Undergraduate degree 27; 44.3%

  • ≥Post-graduate degree 8; 13.1%

25.52
(1.84)
26.33
(3.45)

Note. EG = experimental group; CG = control group; n/r = not reported; na = not available; # data refer only to participants who had completed the intervention; * in the original study the data were reported as days, while here they were calculated and reported as weeks by dividing them by 7.