Table 1.
Effects of PPARα on cell proliferation and tumor growth.
| Model | Intervention | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| In vitro | |||
| MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines | Clofibrate, Wy-14,643 | Proliferation⇧ | [39] |
| MCF-7 breast cancer cell line | Leptin, glucose | Proliferation⇧ | [40] |
| MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, BT-474 breast cancer cell lines | AA | Proliferation⇧ | [41] |
| MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 breast cancer cell line | AA | Proliferation⇩ | [42] |
| Triple-negative breast cancer cell lines | Fenofibrate | Proliferation⇩ | [43] |
| SUM149PT and SUM1315MO2 inflammatory breast cancer cell lines | Clofibrate | Proliferation⇩ | [44] |
| Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells | Fenofibrate | Proliferation⇩, tumor growth≈ | [55] |
| BsB8 mouse medulloblastoma cells, human D384, and Daoy medulloblastoma cells | Fenofibrate | Proliferation⇩ | [57] |
| U87 glioblastoma cell line | Fenofibrate | Proliferation⇩ | [58] |
| Neuroblastoma cell line | Fenofibrate | Proliferation⇩ | [59] |
| MDA-MB-231 breast, Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cell line | GW6471 (antagonist), Wy-14,643 | Proliferation⇩ upon antagonist, proliferation⇧ upon agonist | [61] |
| A549 and SK-MES-1 lung cancer cell lines | Fenofibrate | Proliferation⇩ | [64] |
| In vivo | |||
| Mouse xenograft models | Fenofibrate | Tumor growth⇩ | [43] |
| Wildtype mice | Wy-14,643 | Liver tumorigenesis⇧ | [47] |
| Hepatitis C virus transgenic mice with activated PPARα | Liver tumorigenesis⇧ | [48] | |
| Transgenic mice with PPARα activation in hepatocytes | Hepatocytic overexpression | Proliferation⇧ | [49] |
| PPARα-knockout mice | Diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinoma | Liver tumorigenesis⇧ | [52] |
| PPARα-knockout mice | Syngenic MEF/RS tumors, LLC1 lung cancer, B16 melanoma | Tumor growth⇩ | [53] |
| PPARα-knockout mice | B16 melanoma | Tumor growth⇩ | [69] |
| Ovcar-3 and Diss ovarian cancer cell lines, implanted tumors in nude mice | Clofibrate | Proliferation⇩, tumor growth⇩ | [56] |
| PPARα knockdown in glioma stem cells, xenograft models | PPARα knockdown | Proliferation⇩, tumor growth⇩ | [60] |
| Wildtype mice with LLC1 lung, B16 melanoma, or SKOV-3 ovarian cancer | NXT969 antagonist | Tumor growth⇩ | [62] |
| KRasLA2 mouse model of spontaneous primary NSCLC, orthotopic lung cancer cell injection | Wy-14,643, bezafibrate | Tumor growth⇩ | [65] |
| Wildtype and PPARα-knockout mice injected with Bcr/Abl-transformed B cells | Fenofibrate | Tumor growth⇩ | [67] |
| HCT-116 colon cancer cell line, Xenograft model |
Fenofibrate | Proliferation⇩, tumor growth⇩ | [68] |
⇧ Indicates increase, ⇩ indicates decrease.