Table 1.
Bivariate Correlations, Means, and Standard Deviations for the Variables.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. PEMASU | -- | |||||||||
| 2. Adolescents’ age | −0.20 ** | -- | ||||||||
| 3. Parents’ years of education | 0.16 * | −0.08 | -- | |||||||
| 4. Adolescents’ ODD symptoms | −0.27 *** | 0.13 | −0.14 * | -- | ||||||
| 5. Adolescents’ H/I symptoms | −0.09 | −0.04 | −0.10 | 0.65 *** | -- | |||||
| 6. Adolescents’ inattention symptoms | −0.15 * | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.54 *** | 0.63 *** | -- | ||||
| 7. Parental depressive symptoms | −0.18 ** | 0.09 | −0.28 ** | 0.35 *** | 0.25 *** | 0.21 ** | -- | |||
| 8. Parental affection/care | 0.29 *** | −0.01 | 0.17 | −0.09 | −0.10 | −0.05 | −0.23 *** | -- | ||
| 9. Parental overprotection | −0.11 | −0.18 ** | −0.11 | 0.07 | 0.20 ** | 0.07 | 0.13 | −0.29 *** | -- | |
| 10. Adolescents’ problematic smartphone use | −0.39 *** | 0.20 ** | −0.18 * | 0.38 *** | 0.18 ** | 0.33 *** | 0.28 *** | −0.20 ** | 0.16 * | -- |
| Scale Range | 0−6 | 11−18 | 6−28 | 0−23 | 0−3 | 0−3 | 0−2.40 | 1.77−3.69 | 1.42−3.58 | 1−4 |
| Mean | 4.05 | 13.73 | 13.51 | 1.23 | 0.97 | 1.41 | 0.73 | 2.87 | 2.27 | 2.32 |
| SD | 1.26 | 1.82 | 2.80 | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.70 |
PEMASU: Parental efficacy in managing adolescent smartphone use; ODD: Oppositional defiant disorder; H/I: Hyperactivity/impulsivity; SD: Standard deviation. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.