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. 2022 Jul 28;11(15):2250. doi: 10.3390/foods11152250

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Anti-inflammatory effects of artichoke extract in M1 macrophages. (A) Real Time RT-PCR assay for interleukin-6 (IL-6), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP)-1/C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2) mRNA expression in human THP-1 derived macrophages untreated (−) or treated for 1 h with artichoke extract (AE) at concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/mL and then stimulated with 10 ng/mL of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 24 h. (B) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IL-6 and CCL-2 in human THP-1 derived macrophages untreated (−) or treated as in (A). The values represent the means ± SEMs of three different experiments, performed in duplicate. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.