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. 2022 Aug 8;23(15):8800. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158800

Figure 3.

Figure 3

hBDs induce ANG production by activating the EGFR pathway. (a) Human dermal fibroblasts were stimulated with 20 μg/mL hBD-1, 20 μg/mL hBD-2, 10 μg/mL hBD-3, or 20 μg/mL hBD-4 for 30–120 min, and the levels of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated EGFR in whole cell lysates were analyzed by Western blotting. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 compared between the unstimulated (0 min) and the hBD-stimulated groups by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (b) Fibroblasts were preincubated with 100 nM AG1478 (AG, EGFR inhibitor) or solvent (-) for 2 h. Cells were then stimulated for 6 h with 20 μg/mL hBD-1, 20 μg/mL hBD-2, 10 μg/mL hBD-3, or 20 μg/mL hBD-4. The concentrations of ANG in cell-free supernatants were determined by ELISA. *** p < 0.001 compared between the presence and absence of hBDs without inhibitors; ## p < 0.01 compared between the inhibitor-treated and untreated group with hBD stimulation by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. All results are the means ± SDs of 5–6 independent experiments.