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. 2022 Aug 2;23(15):8567. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158567

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Injection process of the hydrogel scaffold formulation. (a) Side view of the mold printed on the injection module. (b) Top view of the mold. Small sugar glass filaments were observed after printing (red circles). (c) After a short placement in an incubator (37 °C, 100% relative humidity), the surface of the mold dissolved slightly (glossy finish, outlined in red). The mold was then filled with 70% ethanol. (d) Few filaments were left after their dissolution with the ethanol solution (red circles). (e) Mold filled with the sodium-alginate hydrogel solution. (f) The hydrogel scaffold contracted after gelation compared to (e). White arrows: no leakage was observed at the base of the mold at any step.