Table 1.
The experimental data—on the effects of mutations in the plant promoters on gene expression—that we could find in the PubMed database [44].
| Dataset # | Promoter | Transcribed Gene | Conditions | TBP | Pol | N | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | TC7 | RNA transcript template of G-free sequence | In vitro: standard transcription reaction | Human | II | 24 | [45] |
| 2 | A chimeric in vitro system in which human TATA-binding protein (hsTBP) was replaced by purified TBP-1 of thale cress (atTBP) | Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) | 24 | ||||
| 3 | OsPAL | OsPAL | In vitro: whole-cell extracts of rice cell suspension cultures | Rice (Oryza sativa) | II | 8 | [46,47] |
| 4 | Pv tRNA-Leu | Pv tRNA-Leu | In vitro: tobacco cell nuclear extract | Tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) | III | 16 | [48] |
| 5 | Pv tRNA-Leu | gusA | Ex vivo: transient expression in tobacco protoplasts | III | 30 | [49] | |
| 6 | AtU6-26 snRNA | AtU6-26 snRNA | III | 7 | [50] | ||
| 7 | AtU2.2 snRNA | AtU2.2 snRNA | II | 7 | |||
| 8 | CaMV 35S | CaMV 35S | II | 7 | |||
| 9 | synthetic promoters based on AtU6snRNA | At U6-26 snRNA | III | 10 | [51] | ||
| 10 | synthetic promoters based on AtU2snRNA | At U2.2 snRNA | II | 5 | [52] | ||
| 11 | Pmec | gusA | In vivo: dark-grown tobacco leaves | II | 52 | [53] | |
| 12 | In vivo: light-grown tobacco leaves | II | 52 | ||||
| TOTAL | 10 promoters | 7 reporter genes | 6 experimental systems | 4 TBPs | 2 Pols | 242 | 9 Refs |
Note: Pol II and III: RNA polymerases II and III, respectively. N: the number of variants of a promoter DNA sequence, each of which were quantitatively characterized in terms of their effects on gene expression. TC7: a eukaryotic promoter within the T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid of oncogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, which infect plants [54] and humans [55,56]. gusA: the gene encoding β-glucuronidase; OsPAL: the rice (Oryza sativa) gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Pv tRAN-Leu: the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tRNA-Leu gene promoter. At U2.2 snRNA and At U6-26 snRNA: the thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes encoding U2 and U6 small nuclear RNAs [57], respectively. CaMV 35S: cauliflower mosaic virus promoter for the 35S viral transcript [58]; Pmec: the artificial plant-addressed promoter [59].