ANG	Angiogenin
AUC	Area under the curve
AS	Active surveillance
BC	Bladder cancer
BCG	Bacille Calmette–Guérin
BE	Bladder EpiCheck
BIAS	Bladder Cancer Italian Active Surveillance
BTA	Bladder tumour antigen
BTG2	B cell translocation gene 2
cfDNA	Cell-free DNA
CIS	Carcinoma in situ
CK	Cytokeratin
CS	Cystoscopy surveillance
CSS	Cancer-specific survival
CYFRA 21.1	Cytokeratin fragment 21.1
DDX17	DEAD-Box Helicase 17
DFS	Disease-free survival
GC-MS	gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
GC-TOFMS	gas chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer
EAU	European Association of Urology
EMA	European Medicines Agency
EV	Extracellular Vesicles
FFS	Failure free-survival
HG	High grade
HPLC	high-performance liquid chromatography
IHC	Immunohistochemistry staining
iTRAQ	Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation
LC-MS	liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
LG	Low grade
lncRNA	Long non-coding RNAs
MDR	Minimal residual disease
MIBC	Muscle-invasive bladder cancer
NMIBC	Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
NMP22	Nuclear matrix protein 22
NMR	nuclear magnetic resonance
NPV	Negative predictive value
OPLS-DA	Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis
OS	Overall survival
pCR	pathologic complete response
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
PFS	Progression-free survival
PPV	Positive predictive value
qMSP	quantitative Methylation Specific PCR
SERS	surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
TERC	Telomerase RNA component
TURBT	Transurethral resection of bladder tumour
UBC	Urothelial bladder cancer
UBT	Urinary biomarker test
UC	Urothelial carcinoma
UPLC-MS	Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
VOC	volatile organic compounds
WLC	White-light cystoscopy