Table 3.

miRNAs significantly upregulated or downregulated within CAC and their respective roles.

miRNA	Regulation	Role in CAC	Reference
miR-155	Upregulated	Invasion, transformation, tumor genesis	[42,46,50]
miR-18a	Upregulated	Tumor development	[52]
miR-19a	Upregulated	Tumor genesis	[49]
miR-21	Upregulated	Tumor genesis, invasion, development	[45,60]
miR-221	Upregulated	Tumor development	[53]
miR-222	Upregulated	Tumor development	[53]
miR-23a	Upregulated	Tumor genesis	[50]
miR-25	Upregulated	EMT, invasion	[38,46]
miR-301A	Upregulated	EMT, invasion	[38,46,47]
miR-9	Upregulated	EMT	[38,46]
miR-92a	Upregulated	EMT, invasion	[38,46]
miR-143	Downregulated	Inhibits tumor development, progression	[55,56]
miR-145	Downregulated	Inhibits tumor development, progression	[55,56]
miR-148	Downregulated	Inhibits tumor development, progression	[55]
miR-26a	Downregulated	Suppresses inflammatory cytokines	[58,59]
miR-452	Downregulated	Inhibits inflammatory protein regulators	[57]