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. 2022 Aug 5;23(15):8719. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158719

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of luteolin treatment on neuronal connectivity in Cdkl5 +/− mice. (A,C) Percentage of immature and mature dendritic spines in relation to the total number of protrusions in CA1 (A) and cortical (C) pyramidal neurons of vehicle-treated Cdkl5 +/+ (n = 4) and Cdkl5 +/− (n = 4) mice and luteolin-treated Cdkl5 +/− (n = 4) mice. (B) Examples of Golgi-stained hippocampal pyramidal neurons of one animal from each experimental group; red arrows represent mature spines. Scale bar = 2 μm. (D) Number of fluorescent puncta per μm², exhibiting PSD-95 immunoreactivity in the CA1 layer of the hippocampus of vehicle-treated Cdkl5 +/+ (n = 4) and Cdkl5 +/− (n = 4) mice and luteolin-treated Cdkl5 +/− (n = 4) mice. (E) Representative fluorescence image of PSD-95 immunoreactive puncta in the hippocampus of one animal from each experimental group. Scale bar = 6 μm. Values are represented as means ± SEM. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001. Fisher’s LSD test after two-way ANOVA.