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. 2022 Aug 2;23(15):8590. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158590

Table 2.

Examples of association linking HLA type and disease.

Type of HLA Alleles Association HLA Typing Future Opportunities Example
With specific infectious diseases or the severity of infection To provide insight into differences in T-cell repertoires in infectious disease and patterns of T-cell targeting Heterozygous individuals progress less rapidly to AIDS than HLA homozygous individuals after HIV infection [31].
Kaslow et al. found that HLA-B27 and B57 were strongly associated with slow progression to AIDS [36].
With increased risk of or protection from various autoimmune disorders To clarify a subject’s disease state and potentially stratify patients for treatment studies. Association of the HLA class I region has been detected for several autoimmune diseases (AIDs); some examples are:
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    HLA-B with type 1 diabetes (T1D) [37];

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    HLA-C with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Graves’ disease (GD) [37];

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    HLA B-27 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) [38];

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    HLA-DRB1, in particular HLA-DRB1*04 and *10 alleles [39] in rheumatoid arthritis (RA);

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    HLA-G with Crohn’s disease (CD) [40].
With cancer therapy outcomes To understand and infer the efficacy of immunotherapy in specific individuals Higher heterozygosity in HLA has been linked to a better response to anti-cancer treatments [41].