Table 3.
Neurological symptoms and signs, and their outcomes.
| CM-I Type A (Craniocervical Instabiity) | CM-I Type B | CM-I Type C | CM-Borderline | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36 Cases | Improvement Rate | 120 Cases | Improvement Rate | 115 Cases | Improvement Rate | 14 Cases | Improvement Rate | |
| Symptoms and signs of brain stem and cerebellum | ||||||||
| Headache | 35 (97.2%) * | 33/35 (94.2%) † | 76 (63.3%) ** | 70/76 (92.1%) † | 91 (79.1%) * | 78/91 (85.7%) † | 7 (50.0%) ** | 16/20 (80.0%) |
| Neck pain | 34 (94.4%) * | 32/34 (94.1%) † | 74 (61.7%) ** | 68/74 (91.9%) † | 84 (73.0%) * | 77/84 (91.7%) † | 7 (50.0%) ** | 13/17 (76.4%) |
| Ataxia | 22 (61.1%) * | 14/22 (63.6%) | 55 (45.8%) ** | 45/55 (81.8%) † | 75 (65.2%) * | 65/ 75 (86.7%) † | 5 (35.7%) ** | 11/15 (73.3%) |
| Dizziness and/or vertigo | 28 (77.8%) * | 22/28 (78.5%) † | 43 (35.8%) ** | 33/43 (76.7%) | 83 (62.2%) * | 73/83 (88.0%) † | 2 (14.3%) ** | 7/10 (70.0%) |
| Dysphasia | 10 (27.8%) ** | 7/10 (70.0%) | 38 (31.7%) | 20/38 (52.6%) ⨍ | 38 (33.0%) | 20/38 (52.6%) ⨍ | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Symptoms and signs of spinal cord myelopathy | ||||||||
| Pain of extremities, trunk | 16 (44.4%) ** | 14/16 (87.5%) † | 87 (72.5%) * | 48/70 (68.6%) ⨍ | 65 (56.5%) | 44/65 (67.7%) ⨍ | 10 (71.4%) * | 8/10 (80.0%) |
| Focal dysesthesia of extremities and/or trunk | 18 (50.0%) ** | 14/18 (77.8%) | 77 (64.2%) * | 45/67 (67.1%) ⨍ | 57 (49.6%) | 50/57 (70.2%) | 9 (64.3%) * | 6/9 (66.7%) ⨍ |
| Motor weakness | 24 (66.7%) | 12/14 (85.7%) † | 60 (50.0%) | 47/60 (78.3%) † | 51 (44.3%) | 45/51 (88.2%) † | 11 (78.6%) * | 8/11 (72.76%) |
| Hypalgesia | 12 (33.3%) ** | 6/12 (50.0%) | 55 (45.8%) | 40/55 (72.7%) | 25 (21.7%) ** | 41/55 (74.5%) | 10 (71.4%) * | 6/10 (60.0%) ⨍ |
| Dissociated sensory Sensory disturbance |
9 (25.0%) ** | 6/9 (66.7%) | 50 (41.7%) | 36/50 (72.0%) | 20 (17.4%) ** | 38/50 (76.0%) | 8 (57.1%) * | 4/8 (50.0%) ⨍ |
*: significantly more common than those in other groups or other symptoms (p < 0.01). **: significantly less common than those in other groups or other symptoms (p < 0.001). †: significantly higher than those of other groups or other symptoms (p < 0.001). ⨍: significantly lower than those of other groups or other symptoms (p < 0.01). Abbreviations: CM-I = Chiari malformation type I, CM-borderline = Chiari malformation borderline.