Table 3.

Adapted CFIR^a operational codes.

Domains and constructs		Operational definitionb	Facilitator/barrier
I. Intervention characteristics
	Relative advantage	Perception of geriatric care professionals seeing virtual care visits as an advantage versus in-person consultations	Facilitator
	Adaptability	The degree to which the virtual care visit was tailored to meet the needs of geriatric care professionals	Facilitator
	Complexity	Perceived complexity of how virtual care assessments compared to in-person assessments	Barrier
	Design quality and packaging	Perceived quality of telemedicine platforms and how the innovation is bundled and presented	Barrier
II. Outer setting
	External policy and incentives	Broad constructs on government policies, such as confidentiality issues/consent with older patients, as well as discussions about how to bill for virtual care visits (consults via telephone, text messages, or videoconferencing)	Neutral
	Patient needs and resources	The degree to which the needs of older patients with complex needs, their caregivers, and their families are accurately known and prioritized during virtual care visits	Barrier
III. Inner setting
	Networks and communications	The quality of information derived from fellow colleagues, caregivers, families, and local EMRc systems to develop collateral history regarding older patients with complex needs	Facilitator
	Culture	Norms, values, and basic assumptions of geriatric care professionals toward telemedicine use prior to the COVID-19 pandemic	Barrier
	Implementation climate: tension for change	The degree of willingness to transition to telemedicine use	Facilitator
	Implementation climate: compatibility	The degree of tangible fit between meaning and values attached to virtual care visits, how those align with the geriatric care professionals’ own norms, values, and perceived risks and needs, and how virtual care visits fit into the existing workflow and systems	Facilitator
	Readiness for implementation	Geriatric care professionals’ readiness to implement virtual care visits	Barrier
	Readiness for implementation: access to knowledge and information	Ease of access to training and support provided on how to conduct virtual visits	Facilitator
	Readiness for implementation: available resources	The level of resources provided for telemedicine use, including technological infrastructure, dedicated clinic space to conduct virtual care visits, and educational guidance	Facilitator
IV. Individual characteristics
	Knowledge and beliefs about the intervention	Geriatric care professionals' attitudes toward the values placed on virtual care, as well as familiarity with facts, truths, and principles related to telemedicine technologies	Facilitator
	Self-efficacy	Geriatric care professionals' beliefs in their own capabilities in using telemedicine technologies with older patients, their caregivers, and their families	Facilitator
V. Implementation process
	Engaging: champions	Individuals who drove the implementation of virtual care visits forward	Facilitator
	Engaging: external change agents	Outside individuals who formally influenced or facilitated virtual care visit decisions in a desirable direction	Facilitator
	Executing	Carrying out and accomplishing tasks during care visits	Facilitator
	Reflecting and evaluating	Quantitative and qualitative feedback on progress and quality to enhance virtual care visits	Facilitator

^aCFIR: Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

^bThe operational definitions of the constructs are adapted to reflect the geriatric care professionals’ experiences.

^cEMR: electronic medical record.