Table 1.

Descriptive table of systematic review results, including the 20 full texts analyzed.

Author	Year	Type of Study	Country	Period	Number of Patient	Clinical Setting	Timing	Outcome	Findings	AUC	Cut Off
Benedetti et al. [21]	2021	prospective observational	Italy	March–April 2020	21	IMCU	admission (T0), 24 h (T1), T3 e 5	severe disease	optimal MR-proADM cut-off point was 1.07 nmol/L (sensitivity 91% and specificity 71%) strongest association with 30-days mortality	0.81	1.07 nmol/L
García de Guadiana-Romualdo et al. [22]	2021	prospective observational	Spain	March–April 2021	99	ED	T0	mortality/severe disease progression	highest performance for predicting 90-day mortality low level shows high negative predictive value to rule-out mid-term mortality independent predictor for mid-term mortality; highest prognostic accuracy for short-term mortality	0.871	0.80 nmol/L
Girona-Alarcon et al. [17]	2021	prospective observational cohort	Spain	March–June 2020	20	ICU	hospitalization	pediatric vs. adult population	higher values in children than in adults
Gregoriano et al. [23]	2021	prospective observational	Switzerland	February–April 2020	89	mixed population	T0, T1, T2, T3	in-hospital mortality	increased 1.5-fold in patients with a fatal outcome safe rule-out of in-hospital mortality in patients with low levels	0.78	0.93 nmol/L
Indirli et al. [24]	2022	retrospective	Italy	March–June 2020	116	IMCU	At admission	in-hospital mortality	with copeptin, predicted in-hospital mortality, occurrence of sepsis or AKI	0.79	>1
Lhote et al. *	2021	prospective multicentric	France	July 2020 to February 2021	170	ICU	T0	SOFA at day 3	insufficient data to confirm proADM validity	NA	NA
Lo Sasso et al. [25]	2021	retrospective observational	Italy	September–October 2020	110	mixed population	hospitalization	Inhospital mortality	good accuracy for predicting mortality	0.95	1.73 nmol/L
Malinina et al. ** [15]	2020	retrospective observational	Russia		37	ICU		Bacterial superinfection	predicts superinfections in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
Mendez et al. [26]	2021	longitudinal	Spain	March–June 2020	210	ED	T0	in-hospital mortality	higher levels in COVID-19 patients associated with poor outcomes a sustained increase is associated with altered DLCO	NA	1.16
Minieri et al. [27]	2021	not specified	Italy	not specified	321	ED	ED-triage	overall in-hospital mortality	key role in the mortality risk stratification at the admission in ED	0.85	1.105
Montrucchio et al. [28]	2021	prospective observational	Italy	March–June 2020	57	ICU	T0–1, T3, T7, T14	ICU mortality—trend	increased plasma levels indicate severity and worse prognosis in CAP, sepsis, ARDS, perioperative care higher values in dying patients predict mortality better than other biomarkers repeated measurement may support a rapid decision-making	0.85	>1.8 nmol/L *
Moore et al. [29]	2022	prospective	UK	April–June 2020	135	ED	at the admission	30-days mortality	predicts 30-day mortality	0.8441	1.54
Oblitas et al. [19]	2021	prospective	Spain	August–November 2020	95	ICU	once within 72 h of ICU admission	30-day mortality and 30-day combined event	predicts 30-day mortality and 30-day poor outcomes	0.73 and 0.72	≥1
Popov et al. [30]	2021	prospective observational	Russia		97	mixed population		mortality	most significant predictor of mortality compared to procalcitonin, saturation and NEWS score.	0.75	0.895 nmol/L
Roedl et al. [16]	2021	observational	Germany	March–September 2020	64	ICU	ICU admission	RRT versus no-RRT	on ICU admission is a strong predictor for RRT early prediction within 24 h after admission	0.69
Simon et al. [18]	2021	prospective observational	Germany	March–April 2020	53	ICU	Daily, T1–7	ARDS, ECMO, MV, RRT	associated with the severity of ARDS, associated with need for organ support correlation with 28-day mortality		bio-ADM: 70 pg/mL *
Sozio et al. [31]	2021	retrospective	Italy	March–May 2020	111	mixed population	ED admission	severe disease	significantly higher in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and with negative outcome	0.85	Mortality 0.895 nmol/L
Spoto et al. [32]	2020	prospective observational	Italy	April–June 2020	69	mixed population	hospitalization	endothelial damage, MOF, severe disease	marker of organ damage, disease severity, and mortality values ≥2 nmol/L were associated with a significantly higher mortality risk	0.78	ARDS 3.04; mortality 2 nmol/L
Van Oers et al. [33]	2021	prospective	the Netherlands	March–May 2020	105	ICU	on a daily basis, during the first 7 days	28-day mortalit	with CT-proET-1 is able to identify patients with worst outcome significantly higher levels of MR-proADM and CT-proET-1 in non-survivors persisted over time	0.84	1.57
Zaninotto et al. [34]	2021	retrospective	Italy	November	135	mixed population	7 days	clinical outcomes	additional clinical value in stratifying risk and establishing the prognosis	0.900	1.50

List of abbreviations: Area Under the Curve, AUC; Emergency Department, ED; Intensive Care Unit, ICU; Intermediate Care Unit, IMCU; T: time express in days; Multiorgan Failure, MOF; Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, ECMO; Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, DLCO; Mechanical Ventilation, MV; Renal Replacement Therapy, RRT; C-terminal proendothelin-1, CT-proET-1; MR-proadrenomedullin, MR-proADM; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, SOFA. * only abstract available. ** full-text article provided by the corresponding author.