Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Aug 1;11(15):4491. doi: 10.3390/jcm11154491

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Forest plots of pairwise meta-analysis concerning the safety of triple ICS/LABA/LAMA FDCs vs. dual FDCs on the risk of total SAEs (A), CV SAEs (B), pneumonia (C), and all-cause mortality (D). ^§ Treatment comparison introducing substantial heterogeneity in the pairwise meta-analysis. BDP: beclomethasone dipropionate; BID: bis in die, twice daily; BUD: budesonide; CV: cardiovascular; FDC: fixed-dose combination; FF: fluticasone furoate; FOR: formoterol fumarate; GLY: glycopyrronium bromide or glycopyrrolate; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; LABA: long-acting β₂-adrenoceptor agonist; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; QD: quaque die, once daily; RR: relative risk; SAE: serious adverse event; UMEC: umeclidinium bromide; VI: vilanterol.