Table 1.
Participant characteristics of COVID-19 with and without oral manifestations.
| Participant Characteristics | All Participants (N = 195) n/N | COVID-19 Severity | p-Value ** | Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 | p-Value ** | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild 41 (21%) |
Moderate 115 (59%) |
Severe and Critical ** 39 (20%) |
Had Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 (n = 57; 29%) |
Did Not Have Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 (n = 138; 71%) |
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| Age group: | ||||||||
| 18–24 years | 64 (33%) | 15 (23%) | 41 (64%) | 8 (13%) | 0.0175 | 18 (28%) | 46 (72%) | 0.3166 |
| 25–34 years | 64 (33%) | 7 (11%) | 43 (67%) | 14 (22%) | 18 (285) | 46 (72%) | ||
| 35–44 years | 41 (21%) | 12 (29%) | 22 (54%) | 7 (17%) | 9 (22%) | 32 (78%) | ||
| 45–54 years | 13 (7%) | 2 (15%) | 5 (39%) | 6 (46%) | 6 (46%) | 7 (54%) | ||
| 55+ years | 13 (5%) | 5 (38%) | 4 (31%) | 4 (31%) | 6 (46%) | 7 (54%) | ||
| Sex: | ||||||||
| Female | 147 (75%) | 27 (18%) | 88 (60%) | 32 (22%) | 0.2208 | 49 (33%) | 98 (67%) | 0.0275 |
| Male | 48 (25%) | 14 (29%) | 27 (56%) | 7 (15%) | 8 (17%) | 40 (83%) | ||
| Smoking history (current and previous smoker) | 65 (33%) | 9 (14%) | 39 (60%) | 17 (26%) | 0.1192 | 16 (25%) | 43 (75%) | 0.3163 |
| Taking medication € | 36 (18%) | 9 (25%) | 21 (58%) | 9 (17%) | 0.7482 | 49 (33%) | 98 (67%) | 0.0275 |
| Positive history of hospitalization due to COVID-19 | 17 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (41%) | 10 (59%) | 0.0002 | 4 (24%) | 13 (76%) | 0.7819 |
** Chi = square statistics or Fisher’s exact test. € These categories were not mutually exclusive.