Au	Gold
Ag	Silver
WHO	World Health Organization
QD	quantum dots
ASTM	American Society for Testing and Materials
NP	nanoparticle
mm	millimeter
nm	nanometer
NM	nanomaterial
HPLC-MS	High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Pt	Platinum
Pd	Palladium
Zn	Zinc
Cd	Cadmium
Cu	Copper
Fe	Iron
Ni	Nickel
Co	Cobalt
HAuCl4	Tetrachloroauric Acid
H2PtCl6	Hexachloroplatinic acid
RhCl3	Rhodium (III) chloride
PdCl2	Palladium(II) chloride
Rmin	The minimum race
cm	centimeter
TiO2	Titanium dioxide
RF	radio frequency
K	Kelvin
kHz	kilohertz
MHz	megahertz
kW	kilowatt
MW	megawatt
atm	atmosphere
sec	seconds
N	Nitrogen
DMF	dimethylformamide
PEG	polyethylene glycol
UV	ultraviolet
AuNPs	gold nanoparticles
°C	degrees Celsius
min	minutes
Mn3O4	Manganese (II,III) oxide
ZnO	Zinc oxide
SnO2	Tin oxide
PbO	Lead (II) oxide
CVD	Chemical vapor deposition
aq	aqueous
TEM	Transmission electron microscopy
EC-SPR	Electrochemical–surface plasmon resonance sensor
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic Acid
LSPR	Localized surface plasmon resonance
SERS	Surface-enhanced Raman scattering
E. coli	Escherichia coli
PMNCs	polymeric nanocomposites
antibodies	ABs
GOx	glucose oxidase
MBs	magnetic beads
PDA	polydopamine
DA	dopamine
CFU	colony-forming unit
mL	milliliter
PtNPs	platinum nanoparticles
PBNCs	polymeric bionanocomposites
DLS	Dynamic light scattering
L. monocytogenes	Listeria monocytogenes
μm	micrometer
IMS	Immunomagnetic separation method
HQ	hydroquinone
LOD	Limit of detection
g	gram
β-Gal	β-galactosidase
S. typhimurium	Salmonella typhimurium
APTES	3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane
h	hours
PBS	phosphate-buffered saline
EC	Commission Regulation
No	Number
S. boydii	Shigella boydii
ICS	immunochromatographic strip
S. aureus	Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC	American Type Culture Collection
MNPs	metal nanoparticles
MOs	metal oxides
CuO	copper oxide
Ag2O	silver oxide
CuNPs	Copper nanoparticles
TNs	Titanium dioxide nanocrystals
pg	picograms
F-AuNPs	flower-shaped gold nanoparticles
S-AuNPs	sphere-shaped gold nanoparticles
Fe3O4	Iron oxide
SeNP	Selenium nanoparticle
FeNP	Iron nanoparticle
kg	kilogram
K	Potassium
Mg	Magnesium
Ca	Calcium
Ba	Barium
Sn	Tin
Hg	Mercury
Cr	Chromium
Al	Aluminum
EC	Effective concentration
IC	inhibition concentration
LC	lethal concentration
CMT	maximum permissible concentration
FDA	Food and Drug Administration