Table 1.

Mean and standard deviation (SD) of the ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption at 23–25 years according to demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle characteristics of the participants at 23–25 years. Ribeirão Preto Cohort 1978/79, São Paulo, Brazil.

		UPF Consumption (%kcal)		UPF Consumption (%g)
Variables	N (%)	Mean (SD)	p-Value	Mean (SD)	p-Value
Sex			<0.0001 a		0.2592 a
Male	397 (44.3)	36.2 (10.8)		35.0 (14.1)
Female	499 (55.7)	39.9 (11.1)		36.1 (15.8)
Skin color			0.0108 b		0.3339 b
White	583 (65.1)	38.7 (11.1)		36.0 (15.3)
Black	47 (5.3)	39.4 (10.6)		36.6 (14.2)
Mixed Race	255 (28.5)	36.3 (11.8)		34.7 (15.2)
Asian or Indigenous	11 (1.2)	40.9 (8.7)		41.7 (12.9)
Age (years)			0.6337 b		0.8402 b
23	273 (30.5)	37.6 (11.8)		35.7 (15.9)
24	447 (49.9)	38.3 (11.2)		35.5 (14.7)
25	176 (19.6)	38.4 (11.0)		36.2 (15.2)
Education (years of study)			0.1742 b		0.1281 b
0 to 8	111 (12.4)	37.5 (12.8)		37.9 (17.8)
9 to 11	461 (51.5)	37.7 (11.6)		35.7 (15.2)
≥12	324 (36.2)	39.0 (10.3)		34.8 (13.9)
Marital status			0.6555 a		0.1054 a
With partner	269 (30.0)	38.0 (11.6)		36.9 (15.9)
Without partner	627 (70.0)	38.4 (10.9)		35.1 (14.6)
Family income (minimum wages) *			0.1687 b		0.8880 b
<5	287 (34.5)	37.1 (11.2)		35.3 (15.6)
5 to 9.9	285 (34.3)	38.5 (11.6)		35.8 (14.7)
≥10	259 (31.2)	38.9 (10.8)		35.3 (14.6)
Alcohol consumption			0.0682 a		0.0139 a
No	91 (10.2)	40.3 (12.2)		39.3 (16.6)
Yes	805 (89.8)	38.1 (11.0)		35.2 (14.8)
Smoking			0.9006 a		0.1077 a
No	763 (85.2)	38.3 (11.0)		35.3 (14.8)
Yes	133 (14.8)	38.3 (12.0)		37.6 (16.4)
Physical activity level *			0.0507 b		0.0004 b
High	438 (49.0)	37.3 (11.3)		34.2 (14.6)
Moderate	278 (31.1)	38.4 (11.3)		35.9 (15.7)
Low	178 (19.9)	39.5 (11.2)		39.1 (15.1)
Total	896 (100.0)	38.3 (11.1)		35.6 (15.0)

^a Student’s t-test; ^b ANOVA. * Missing data.