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Urinary levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine KYN, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QA) in healthy subjects (white) and depressive patients with irritable bowel syndrome (blue). The differences between the groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test; n = 40 in both groups; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.
