Table 2.

Clinical outcomes at baseline (0-months) and during 6 months dietary intervention (measured at 3 and 6 months) and 12 months after intervention was ceased (18 months).

MedDiet

Diet × Visit Interaction

Diet

Visit

0-Month

3-Month

6-Month

18-Month

Change 0–18 Month

Change 6–18 Month

(n = 79)

(n = 73)

(n = 70)

(n = 55)

Mean Change

p-Value

95% CI

Mean Change

p-Value

95% CI

p-Value

p-Value

p-Value

SBP (mm/Hg) **

123 ± 1

119 ± 1

117 ± 1

121 ± 2

−2 ± 1

0.219

−5.1, 0.6

4 ± 1

0.000

1.8, 6.4

0.040

0.324

0.000

Morning SBP (mm/Hg)

124 ± 2

120 ± 2

118 ± 2

123 ± 2

−1 ± 1

1.000

−3.9, 2.0

5 ± 1

0.000

2.4, 8.0

0.032

0.360

0.000

Afternoon SBP (mm/Hg)

122 ± 1

117 ± 1

116 ± 1

119 ± 2

−3 ± 1

0.094

−6.4, 0.3

3 ± 1

0.052

−0.01, 5.6

0.093

0.165

0.000

Evening SBP (mm/Hg)

123 ± 2

119 ± 2

117 ± 2

120 ± 2

−3 ± 1

0.136

−6.4, 0.5

4 ± 1

0.003

1.0, 6.8

0.586

0.554

0.000

DBP (mm/Hg) **

70 ± 1

68 ± 1

68 ± 1

68 ± 1

−1 ± 1

0.326

−2.5, 0.4

1 ± 0

0.391

−0.4, 2.2

0.433

0.043

0.000

Morning DBP (mm/Hg)

71 ± 1

70 ± 1

70 ± 1

71 ± 1

0 ± 1

1.000

−1.4, 1.7

2 ± 1

0.023

0.2, 3.2

0.376

0.134

0.000

Afternoon DBP (mm/Hg)

68 ± 1

67 ± 1

66 ± 1

67 ± 1

−1 ± 1

0.542

−3.1, 0.7

1 ± 1

1.000

−1.0, 2.3

0.131

0.011

0.000

Evening DBP (mm/Hg)

69 ± 1

68 ± 1

66 ± 1

67 ± 1

−2 ± 1

0.031

−4.0, −0.1

1 ± 1

1.000

−1.2, 2.4

0.989

0.075

0.000

BMI (kg/m2)

26.8 ± 0.4

26.2 ± 0.4

26.2 ± 0.4

26.1 ± 0.5

−0.2 ± 0.1

1.000

−0.5, 0.2

0.1 ± 0.1

1.000

−0.2, 0.3

0.049

0.498

0.000

Weight (kg)

74.0 ± 1.5

72.8 ± 1.5

72.6 ± 1.6

72. 9 ± 1.8

−0.4 ± 0.3

1.000

−1.3, 0.5

0.2 ± 0.3

1.000

−0.6, 0.9

0.019

0.387

0.002

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.14 ± 0.10

4.92 ± 0.10

4.96 ± 0.11

4.84 ± 0.12

−0.2 ± 0.1

0.194

−0.4, 0.4

−0.0 ± 0.1

1.000

−0.3, 0.2

0.256

0.192

0.000

LDL (mmol/L)

2.92 ± 0.08

2.81 ± 0.08

2.83 ± 0.09

2.74 ± 0.10

−0.1 ± 0.1

1.000

−0.3, 0.1

−0.1 ± 0.1

1.000

−0.2, 0.1

0.942

0.105

0.126

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.63 ± 0.05

1.53 ± 0.05

1.58 ± 0.06

1.59 ± 0.06

1.0 ± 1.0 *

0.767

0.9, 1.0

1.0 ± 1.0 *

1.000

1.0, 1.1

0.046

0.741

0.000

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.19 ± 0.05

1.11 ± 0.06

1.04 ± 0.05

1.12 ± 0.07

1.0 ± 1.0 *

1.000

0.9, 1.1

1.1 ± 1.0 *

0.131

1.0, 1.2

0.020

0.508

0.001

Total cholesterol:HDL ratio

3.34 ± 0.10

3.42 ± 0.11

3.35 ± 0.12

3.20 ± 0.11

1.0 ± 1.0 *

1.000

0.9, 1.0

1.0 ± 1.0 *

0.619

0.9, 1.0

0.474

0.553

0.231

CRP (mg/L)

2.09 ± 0.29

1.43 ± 0.20

1.54 ± 0.25

1.44 ± 0.26

0.8 ± 1.1 *

0.170

0.6, 1.1

0.9 ± 1.1 *

1.000

0.7, 1.2

0.297

0.842

0.388

HabDiet

0-Month

3-Month

6-Month

18-Month

Change 0–18 Month

Change 6–18 Month

(n = 70)

(n = 68)

(n = 67)

(n = 53)

Mean Change

p-Value

95% CI

Mean Change

p-Value

95% CI

SBP (mm/Hg) **

125 ± 2

122 ± 2

120 ± 2

120 ± 2

−4 ± 1

0.001

−7.1, −1.3

1 ± 1

1.000

−1.5, 3.2

Morning SBP (mm/Hg)

126 ± 2

123 ± 2

121 ± 2

122 ± 2

−3 ± 1

0.040

−6.2, −0.1

1 ± 1

1.000

−2.0, 3.7

Afternoon SBP (mm/Hg)

124 ± 2

121 ± 1

119 ± 1

119 ± 2

−5 ± 1

0.001

−8.5, −1.6

0 ± 1

1.000

−2.8, 2.9

Evening SBP (mm/Hg)

125 ± 2

121 ± 2

118 ± 2

120 ± 2

−5 ± 1

0.004

−8.2, −1.1

2 ± 1

0.591

−1.1, 4.8

DBP (mm/Hg) **

72 ± 1

71 ± 1

70 ± 1

70 ± 1

−2 ± 1

0.008

−3.3, 0.3

0 ± 0

1.000

−1.2, 1.5

Morning DBP (mm/Hg)

74 ± 1

73 ± 1

72 ± 1

72 ± 1

−1 ± 1

0.544

−2.7, 0.6

1 ± 1

1.000

0.8, 2.3

Afternoon DBP (mm/Hg)

71 ± 1

71 ± 1

70 ± 1

68 ± 1

−2 ± 1

0.007

−4.4, −0.5

0 ± 1

1.000

−2.1, 1.2

Evening DBP (mm/Hg)

71 ± 1

70 ± 1

69 ± 1

69 ± 1

−2 ± 1

0.025

−4.2, −0.2

0 ± 1

1.000

−1.6, 2.2

BMI (kg/m2)

27.1 ± 0.5

26.9 ± 0.5

26.7 ± 0.5

26.9 ± 0.6

−0.1 ± 0.1

1.000

−0.5, 0.2

0.1 ± 0.1

1.000

−0.2, 0.4

Weight (kg)

75.4 ± 1.6

75.2 ± 1.6

75.0 ± 1.6

75.7 ± 1.9

−0.4 ± 0.3

1.000

−1.3, 0.5

0.1 ± 0.3

1.000

−0.6, 0.9

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.29 ± 0.10

5.22 ± 0.09

5.14 ± 0.10

5.02 ± 0.11

−0.2 ± 0.1

0.167

−0.4, 0.4

−0.0 ± 0.1

1.000

−0.3, 0.2

LDL (mmol/L)

3.11 ± 0.09

3.06 ± 0.08

3.06 ± 0.09

2.92 ± 0.08

−0.1 ± 0.1

0.428

−0.3, 0.1

−0.1 ± 0.1

0.684

−0.3, 0.1

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.63 ± 0.05

1.60 ± 0.05

1.57 ± 0.04

1.53 ± 0.06

1.0 ± 1.0 *

0.036

0.9, 1.0

1.0 ± 1.0 *

1.000

1.0, 1.0

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.18 ± 0.07

1.21 ± 0.07

1.11 ± 0.06

1.24 ± 0.07

1.1 ± 1.0 *

0.458

1.0, 1.2

1.1 ± 1.0 *

0.032

1.0, 1.2

Total cholesterol:HDL ratio

3.41 ± 0.10

3.42 ± 0.10

3.40 ± 0.10

3.44 ± 0.11

1.0 ± 1.0 *

1.000

1.0, 1.1

1.0 ± 1.0 *

1.000

1.0, 1.1

CRP (mg/L)

1.90 ± 0.31

1.85 ± 0.26

1.92 ± 0.30

1.69 ± 0.30

1.0 ± 1.1 *

1.000

0.7, 1.3

1.0 ± 1.1 *

1.000

0.7, 1.4

Showing statistical analysis by LMEM with a diet × visit interaction comparing MedDiet and HabDiet across 4 time points. Mean values ± SEM. * Non-normally distributed data were analysed as log-transformed data in LMEM, therefore, mean change has been exponentiated and is presented as a ratio of 6 or 18 months versus 0 months (therefore 1.0 means no relative change in geometric mean) for HDL, Triglycerides, Total:HDL cholesterol and CRP. Due to exclusions of outliers the n value vary as follows: n = −1 for blood pressure measures in HabDiet group, n = −3 for LDL (n = −2 MedDiet, n = −1 HabDiet), n = −1 MedDiet for dietary analysis. MedDiet, Mediterranean diet; HabDiet, habitual diet. ** Mean blood pressure measures are the average of 30 daily readings taken in triplicate in morning, afternoon, and night, across 6 days at each time point. Dietary Intake.