Table 3.
Daily nutrient intake at baseline (0 months) and during 6-months dietary (measured at 2 and 4 months) intervention and 12 months after intervention ceased (18 months).
| MedDiet |
Diet × Visit
Interaction |
Diet | Visit | ||||||||||
| 0-Month | 2-Month | 4-Month | 18-Month | Change 0–18 Month | Change 4–18 Month | ||||||||
| (n = 77) | (n = 70) | (n = 70) | (n = 64) | Mean Change | p-Value | 95% CI | Mean Change | p-Value | 95% CI | p-Value | p-Value | p-Value | |
| Energy (kJ/day) | 8766 ± 264 | 8489 ± 267 | 8020 ± 248 | 8048 ± 287 | −645 ± 283 | 0.145 | −1403, 112 | 118 ± 247 | 1.000 | −543, 778 | 0.350 | 0.696 | 0.000 |
| Protein (en%) | 17.3 ± 0.3 | 17.1 ± 0.4 | 17.6 ± 0.4 | 17.5 ± 0.5 | |||||||||
| Fat (en%) | 40.0 ± 0.6 | 41.8 ± 0.9 | 41.9 ± 1.0 | 43.0 ± 1.0 | |||||||||
| SatFat (en%) | 13.3 ± 0.3 | 10.7 ± 0.2 | 10.8 ± 0.2 | 12.5 ± 0.3 | |||||||||
| PolyFat (en%) | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 6.8 ± 0.2 | 6.7 ± 0.2 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | |||||||||
| MonoFat (en%) | 17.0 ± 0.5 | 21.2 ± 0.7 | 21.3 ± 0.8 | 20.9 ± 0.8 | |||||||||
| CHO (en%) | 39.1 ± 0.7 | 36.8 ± 0.8 | 36.3 ± 0.8 | 35.5 ± 0.9 | |||||||||
| Alcohol (en%) | 4.3 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | |||||||||
| Protein (g/MJ/day) | 10.2 ± 0.2 | 10.1 ± 0.2 | 10.3 ± 0.2 | 10.3 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 1.000 | −0.4, 0.8 | −0.1 ± 0.2 | 1.000 | −0.7, 0.5 | 0.545 | 0.745 | 0.743 |
| Fat (g/MJ/day) | 10.8 ± 0.2 | 11.3 ± 0.3 | 11.3 ± 0.3 | 11.6 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.008 | 0.1, 1.4 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 1.000 | −0.3, 0.8 | 0.320 | 0.414 | 0.027 |
| SatFat (g/MJ/day) | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | −0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.025 | −0.5, −0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.000 | 0.3, 0.6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.0000 |
| PolyFat (g/MJ/day) | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | −0.0 ± 0.1 | 1.000 | −0.2, 0.1 | −0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.554 | −0.2, 0.1 | 0.402 | 0.020 | 0.338 |
| MonoFat (g/MJ/day) | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.2 | 5.6 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.000 | 0.6, 1.5 | −0.1 ± 0.2 | 1.000 | −0.5, 0.3 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| CHO (g/MJ/day) | 23.0 ± 0.4 | 21.7 ± 0.5 | 21.3 ± 0.5 | 20.9 ± 0.5 | −1.9 ± 0.4 | 0.000 | −3.0, −0.9 | −0.4 ± 0.4 | 1.000 | −1.3, 0.6 | 0.207 | 0.435 | 0.000 |
| Sugars (g/MJ/day) | 11.3 ± 0.3 | 10.6 ± 0.3 | 10.8 ± 0.3 | 10.9 ± 0.4 | −0.3 ± 0.3 | 1.000 | −1.0, 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 1.000 | −0.5, 0.9 | 0.716 | 0.926 | 0.049 |
| Alcohol (g/MJ/day) | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 1.000 | −0.4, 0.5 | −0.0 ± 0.1 | 1.000 | −0.4, 0.3 | 0.504 | 0.716 | 0.259 |
| Fibre (g/MJ/day) | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 1.000 | −0.1, 0.2 | −0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.033 | −0.4, −0.0 | 0.004 | 0.053 | 0.001 |
| HabDiet | |||||||||||||
| 0-Month | 2-Month | 4-Month | 18-Month | Change 0–18 Month | Change 4–18 Month | ||||||||
| (n = 70) | (n = 67) | (n = 67) | (n = 62) | Mean Change | p-Value | 95% CI | Mean Change | p-Value | 95% CI | ||||
| Energy (kJ/day) | 9091 ± 327 | 8399 ± 301 | 8321 ± 296 | 7988 ± 340 | −1087 ± 289 | 0.002 | −1861, −313 | −311 ± 251 | 1.000 | −983, 362 | |||
| Protein (en%) | 17.2 ± 0.3 | 17.4 ± 0.3 | 17.3 ± 0.3 | 17.1 ± 0.3 | |||||||||
| Fat (en%) | 40.6 ± 0.7 | 41.1 ± 0.9 | 40.3 ± 0.9 | 41.2 ± 0.7 | |||||||||
| SatFat (en%) | 13.8 ± 0.3 | 13.7 ± 0.3 | 13.6 ± 0.3 | 13.8 ± 0.4 | |||||||||
| PolyFat (en%) | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 0.2 | 6.0 ± 0.2 | |||||||||
| MonoFat (en%) | 17.5 ± 0.5 | 17.9 ± 0.7 | 17.7 ± 0.7 | 18.2 ± 0.6 | |||||||||
| CHO (en%) | 38.6 ± 0.8 | 37.6 ± 0.8 | 38.0 ± 0.8 | 36.7 ± 0.8 | |||||||||
| Alcohol (en%) | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | |||||||||
| Protein (g/MJ/day) | 10.1 ± 0.2 | 10.3 ± 0.2 | 10.2 ± 0.2 | 10.1 ± 0.2 | −0.1 ± 0.2 | 1.000 | −0.7, 0.5 | −0.2 ± 0.2 | 1.000 | −0.8, 0.5 | |||
| Fat (g/MJ/day) | 11.0 ± 0.2 | 11.1 ± 0.2 | 10.9 ± 0.2 | 11.1 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 1.000 | −0.4, 0.9 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 1.000 | −0.3, 0.8 | |||
| SatFat (g/MJ/day) | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 1.000 | −0.2, 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 1.000 | −0.1, 0.3 | |||
| PolyFat (g/MJ/day) | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | −0.1 ± 0.1 | 1.000 | −0.2, 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 1.000 | −0.1, 0.2 | |||
| MonoFat (g/MJ/day) | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 1.000 | −0.3, 0.7 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 1.000 | −0.3, 0.6 | |||
| CHO (g/MJ/day) | 22.7 ± 0.4 | 22.1 ± 0.5 | 22.4 ± 0.5 | 21.6 ± 0.5 | −1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.023 | −2.3, −0.1 | −0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.169 | −1.8, 0.2 | |||
| Sugars (g/MJ/day) | 11.2 ± 0.4 | 10.7 ± 0.4 | 11.0 ± 0.4 | 10.7 ± 0.4 | −0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.685 | −1.2, 0.3 | −0.2 ± 0.3 | 1.000 | −0.9, 0.5 | |||
| Alcohol (g/MJ/day) | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.105 | −0.0, 0.8 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 1.000 | −0.2, 0.5 | |||
| Fibre (g/MJ/day) | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | −0.0 ± 0.1 | 1.000 | −0.2, 0.2 | −0.0 ± 0.1 | 1.000 | −0.2, 0.2 | |||
Showing statistical analysis by LMEM with a diet × visit interaction comparing MedDiet and HabDiet across 4 time points. Mean values ± SEM. MedDiet, Mediterranean diet; HabDiet, habitual diet.