Table 2.
Six-month follow-up changes of clinical features according to the changes in adherence to MedDiet.
| Outcomes | No Changes in Adherence to MedDiet (n = 15) | Moderate Changes in Adherence to MedDiet (n = 56) | High Changes in Adherence to MedDiet (n = 57) | p ‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | Basal | 32.6 ± 3.0 | 33.6 ± 3.5 | 33.9 ± 3.9 | <0.001 |
| 6-months | 31.9 ± 2.7 | 32.1 ± 3.6 | 30.9 ± 3.9 | ||
| Δ | −0.7 ± 1.2 *c | −1.5 ± 1.6 *b | −3.0 ± 2.0 *bc | ||
| Body weight (kg) | Basal | 91.5 ± 14.8 | 94.7 ± 12.4 | 96.5 ± 14.5 | <0.001 |
| 6-months | 89.5 ± 14.5 | 90.5 ± 12.4 | 88.1 ± 14.5 | ||
| Δ | −1.9 ± 3.6 c | −4.2 ± 4.6 *b | −8.5 ± 5.8 *bc | ||
| WC (cm) | Basal | 110.2 ± 9.4 | 113.0 ± 9.0 | 111.4 ± 9.0 | 0.004 |
| 6-months | 108.6 ± 7.4 | 110.5 ± 17.0 | 103.1 ± 10.5 | ||
| Δ | −1.6 ± 4.1 | −2.5 ± 15.1 b | −8.3 ± 5.6 *b | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | Basal | 134.2 ± 19.4 | 138.0 ± 16.2 | 134.7 ± 13.9 | 0.013 |
| 6-months | 134.4 ± 16.5 | 134.1 ± 15.3 | 126.3 ± 15.0 | ||
| Δ | +0.2 ± 11.7 | −4.0 ± 16.7 b | −8.4 ± 14.6 *b | ||
| DBP (mmHg) | Basal | 82.0 ± 8.6 | 85.2 ± 9.4 | 86.8 ± 8.8 | 0.009 |
| 6-months | 82.9 ± 6.8 | 82.7 ± 8.8 | 80.3 ± 9.0 | ||
| Δ | +0.9 ± 7.4 c | −2.6 ± 7.4 *b | −6.5 ± 8.9 *bc | ||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | Basal | 107.1 ± 16.6 | 120.1 ± 48.8 | 109.1 ± 20.9 | 0.079 |
| 6-months | 103.9 ± 14.3 | 116.8 ± 54.3 | 98.9 ± 16.9 | ||
| Δ | −3.2 ± 15.3 | −3.4 ± 25.4 | −10.2 ± 15.5 * | ||
| TG (mg/dL) | Basal | 151.7 ± 74.0 | 224.0 ± 300.1 | 177.8 ± 76.5 | 0.020 |
| 6-months | 170.9 ± 135.0 | 175.1 ± 107.1 | 125.0 ± 76.3 | ||
| Δ | +19.1 ± 132.5 | −48.9 ± 70.3 *b | 52.9 ± 70.4 *b | ||
| HDL-chol (mg/dL) | Basal | 47.8 ± 12.4 | 42.6 ± 10.0 | 45.5 ± 11.9 | 0.185 |
| 6-months | 47.6 ± 14.5 | 44.7 ± 10.7 | 48.8 ± 12.2 | ||
| Δ | +0.2 ± 4.3 | +2.1 ± 5.7 * | +3.3 ± 7.8 * | ||
| HOMA-IR | Basal | 5.8 ± 3.8 | 6.6 ± 4.7 | 5.2 ± 2.9 | 0.117 |
| 6-months | 5.1 ± 3.6 | 5.8 ± 7.3 | 3.1 ± 2.2 | ||
| Δ | −0.7 ± 2.5 | −0.8 ± 5.9 | −2.1 ± 2.6 * | ||
| Intrahepatic fat contents (%) | Basal | 15.1 ± 13.9 | 13.4 ± 8.8 | 12.5 ± 12.2 | 0.003 |
| 6-months | 10.6 ± 7.3 | 9.7 ± 6.7 | 6.0 ± 6.4 | ||
| Δ | −4.5 ± 14.2 | −3.7 ± 5.8 *b | −6.5 ± 10.0 *b | ||
| AST (U/L) | Basal | 25.2 ± 12.0 | 24.0 ± 8.4 | 27.6 ± 15.7 | 0.639 |
| 6-months | 20.9 ± 5.1 | 22.9 ± 6.5 | 23.8 ± 13.2 | ||
| Δ | −4.3 ± 10.1 | −1.1 ± 7.2 | −3.8 ± 14.2 * | ||
| ALT (U/L) | Basal | 33.8 ± 25.4 | 32.4 ± 17.8 | 40.9 ± 38.0 | 0.260 |
| 6-months | 24.5 ± 11.3 | 27.0 ± 14.3 | 26.0 ± 19.9 | ||
| Δ | −9.3 ± 17.0 | −5.3 ± 14.0 * | −14.9 ± 30.1 * | ||
| GGT (U/L) | Basal | 36.9 ± 27.1 | 44.1 ± 22.6 | 53.8 ± 71.1 | 0.197 |
| 6-months | 29.5 ± 15.5 | 40.0 ± 36.0 | 35.0 ± 56.1 | ||
| Δ | −7.4 ± 14.1 | −4.1 ± 24.3 | −18.8 ± 50.0 * | ||
Abbreviations: ∆: delta; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL-chol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; TG: triglycerides; WC: Waist circumference. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). * p < 0.05. ‡ Differences between tertile groups at 6 months after adjustment for baseline values by ANCOVA. Post hoc test by Bonferroni: a: differences between No changes in MedDiet adherence and Moderate changes in MedDiet adherence; b: differences between Moderate changes in MedDiet adherence and High changes in MedDiet adherence; c: differences between No changes in MedDiet adherence and High changes in MedDiet adherence.