Table 3.
Six-month follow-up changes on dietary features according to changes in adherence to MedDiet.
| Outcomes | No Changes in Adherence to MedDiet (n = 15) | Moderate Changes in Adherence to MedDiet (n = 56) | High Changes in Adherence to MedDiet (n = 57) | p ‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adherence to MedDiet | Basal | 9.0 ± 2.4 | 8.2 ± 2.6 | 6.2 ± 2.0 | <0.001 |
| 6-months | 7.9 ± 2.2 | 10.9 ± 2.7 | 13.7 ± 1.7 | ||
| Δ | −1.1 ± 0.8 *ac | +2.8 ± 1.1 *ab | +7.5 ± 2.0 *bc | ||
| Energy (kcal/d) | Basal | 2282.6 ± 659.0 | 2373.4 ± 553.0 | 2477.7 ± 992.5 | 0.204 |
| 6-months | 2266.5 ± 849.4 | 2100.3 ± 592.1 | 2012.2 ± 567.6 | ||
| Δ | −16.0 ± 737.1 | −273.0 ± 638.4 * | −465.5 ± 971.9 * | ||
| Vegetables (g/d) per 1000 kcal | Basal | 337.0 ± 177.2 | 320.9 ± 167.1 | 282.9 ± 176.2 | 0.547 |
| 6-months | 344.9 ± 197.0 | 375.3 ± 200.8 | 330.1 ± 121.4 | ||
| Δ | +7.9 ± 132.9 | +54.4 ± 143.1 * | +47.2 ± 178.2 | ||
| Fruits (g/d) per 1000 kcal | Basal | 366.1 ± 175.7 | 326.1 ± 212.9 | 246.6 ± 192.2 | 0.252 |
| 6-months | 338.1 ± 197.5 | 371.4 ± 199.8 | 359.5 ± 255.0 | ||
| Δ | −28.0 ± 157.4 | +45.2 ± 172.1 | +112.9 ± 238.8 * | ||
| Legumes (g/d) per 1000 kcal | Basal | 23.3 ± 9.2 | 21.8 ± 13.1 | 21.0 ± 11.9 | 0.139 |
| 6-months | 26.9 ± 25.3 | 29.4 ± 17.6 | 37.3 ± 31.2 | ||
| Δ | +3.6 ± 26.1 | +7.6 ± 17.4 * | +16.2 ± 30.6 * | ||
| Cereal (g/d) per 1000 kcal | Basal | 140.5 ± 66.1 | 141.2 ± 72.2 | 158.4 ± 117.6 | 0.548 |
| 6-months | 134.2 ± 97.0 | 131.9 ± 63.8 | 119.9 ± 68.1 | ||
| Δ | −6.3 ± 51.8 | −9.3 ± 96.5 | −38.4 ± 130.8 * | ||
| Dairy (mL/d) per 1000 kcal | Basal | 340.6 ± 243.8 | 364.5 ± 210.7 | 301.1 ± 190.2 | 0.050 |
| 6-months | 297.6 ± 148.6 | 362.5 ± 233.8 | 397.7 ± 222.5 | ||
| Δ | −43.0 ± 212.9 | −2.1 ± 233.6 | +96.6 ± 200.9 * | ||
| Meats and meat products (g/d) per 1000 kcal | Basal | 151.5 ± 87.2 | 182.6 ± 75.9 | 191.9 ± 71.3 | 0.120 |
| 6-months | 139.1 ± 69.8 | 149.6 ± 61.5 | 130.7 ± 77.6 | ||
| Δ | −12.3 ± 26.7 | −33.0 ± 63.6 * | −61.2 ± 88.7 * | ||
| Olive oil (g/d) per 1000 kcal | Basal | 27.5 ± 9.2 | 32.3 ± 20.2 | 33.4 ± 20.2 | 0.358 |
| 6-months | 35.9 ± 14.7 | 29.4 ± 18.5 | 30.1 ± 17.9 | ||
| Δ | +8.4 ± 16.7 | −2.9 ± 22.9 | −3.3 ± 23.9 | ||
| Fish (g/d) per 1000 kcal | Basal | 79.2 ± 52.0 | 96.9 ± 61.0 | 96.2 ± 61.0 | 0.661 |
| 6-months | 96.9 ± 87.9 | 124.8 ± 67.5 | 123.1 ± 68.5 | ||
| Δ | +17.8 ± 43.6 | +27.9 ± 59.1 * | +26.9 ± 68.7 * | ||
| Nuts (g/d) per 1000 kcal | Basal | 16.4 ± 16.8 | 15.6 ± 16.8 | 8.3 ± 12.0 | 0.005 |
| 6-months | 17.0 ± 21.6 | 19.5 ± 22.7 | 29.9 ± 32.2 | ||
| Δ | +0.6 ± 11.9 | +3.9 ± 22.0 b | +21.6 ± 30.8 *b | ||
| Sweets and pastries (g/d) per 1000 kcal | Basal | 31.2 ± 74.3 | 22.0 ± 23.8 | 44.3 ± 72.9 | 0.515 |
| 6-months | 22.7 ± 47.8 | 15.4 ± 22.8 | 13.1 ± 26.2 | ||
| Δ | −8.5 ± 86.4 | −6.5 ± 19.3 * | −31.2 ± 79.8 * | ||
| Soft Drinks (mL/d) per 1000 kcal | Basal | 21.8 ± 54.6 | 25.3 ± 98.9 | 41.6 ± 95.5 | 0.002 |
| 6-months | 15.4 ± 32.2 | 2.7 ± 6.9 | 3.1 ± 5.7 | ||
| Δ | −6.4 ± 37.7 ac | −22.6 ± 99.3 a | −38.4 ± 96.0 *c | ||
Abbreviations: ∆: delta. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). * p < 0.05. ‡ Differences between tertiles groups at 6 months after adjustment for baseline values by ANCOVA, Post hoc test by Bonferroni; a: differences between No changes in MedDiet adherence and Moderate changes in MedDiet adherence; b: differences between Moderate changes in MedDiet adherence and High changes in MedDiet adherence; c: differences between No changes in MedDiet adherence and High changes in MedDiet adherence.