Table 4.

Extraction methods used in biomass extractions [75].

Method	Solvent	Temperature	Pressure	Time	Volume Consumed	The Polarity of Natural Products
Maceration	Water, Aqueous and non-aqueous solvents	Room temperature	Atmospheric	Long	Large	Dependent on extracting solvent
Percolation	Water, Aqueous and non-aqueous solvents	Room temperature, occasional heat	Atmospheric	Long	Large	Dependent on extracting solvent
Decoction	Water	Under heat	Atmospheric	Moderate	None	Polar compounds
Reflux extraction	Aqueous and non-aqueous solvents	Under heat	Atmospheric	Moderate	Moderate	Dependent on the extracting solvents
Soxhlet extraction	Organic solvents	Under heat	Atmospheric	Long	Moderate	Dependent on extracting solvent
Pressurised liquid extraction	Water, aqueous and non-aqueous solvents	Under heat	High	Short	Small	Dependent on extracting solvent
Supercritical fluid extraction	CO2	Near room temperatures	High	Short	None or small	Non-polar to moderate compounds
Ultrasound-assisted extraction	Water, aqueous and non-aqueous solvents	Room temperature or under heat	Atmospheric	Short	Moderate	Dependent on extracting solvent
Microwave-assisted extraction	Water, aqueous and non-aqueous solvents	Room temperature	Atmospheric	Short	Moderate	Dependent on extracting solvent
Pulsed electric field extraction	Water, aqueous and non-aqueous solvents	Room temperature or under heat	Atmospheric	Short	Moderate	Dependent on extracting solvent
Enzyme assisted extraction	Water, aqueous and non-aqueous solvents	Room temperature or heated after enzyme treatment	Atmospheric	Moderate	Moderate	Dependent on extracting solvent