Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to CVDs for both sexes and overall.
| Variables | Men (n = 2554) | p | Women (n = 3136) | p | Total (n = 5690) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVD | Non-CVD | CVD | Non-CVD | CVD | Non-CVD | ||||
| n = 494 | n = 2060 | n = 644 | n = 2492 | n = 1138 | n = 4552 | ||||
| Age [years], Mean ± SD | 62.4 ± 13.2 | 45.5 ± 15.2 | <0.0001 | 62.3 ± 14.8 | 47.1 ± 15.5 | <0.0001 | 62.3 ± 14.1 | 46.4 ± 15.4 | <0.0001 |
| BMI [kg/m2], Mean ± SD | 28.5 ± 4.7 | 27.2 ± 4.5 | <0.0001 | 29.0 ± 5.3 | 26.4 ± 5.6 | <0.0001 | 28.8 ± 5.1 | 26.8 ± 5.1 | <0.0001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 93 (18.90) | 645 (31.36) | <0.0001 | 99 (15.37) | 486 (19.51) | 0.0163 | 192 (16.90) | 1131 (24.87) | <0.0001 |
| Educational level, n (%) | |||||||||
| Under middle | 118 (23.94) | 258 (12.54) | <0.0001 | 221 (34.32) | 376 (15.11) | <0.0001 | 339 (29.82) | 634 (13.95) | <0.0001 |
| Vocational | 156 (31.64) | 642 (31.20) | 110 (17.08) | 464 (18.65) | 266 (23.39) | 1106 (24.33) | |||
| Middle | 166 (33.67) | 775 (37.66) | 235 (36.49) | 1034 (41.56) | 401 (35.27) | 1809 (39.79) | |||
| Higher | 53 (10.75) | 383 (18.61) | 78 (12.11) | 614 (24.68) | 131 (11.52) | 997 (21.93) | |||
| Physical activity, n (%) | |||||||||
| Low level | 257 (52.34) | 1142 (55.60) | 0.0039 | 363 (56.37) | 1314 (52.96) | 0.0403 | 620 (54.63) | 2456 (54.16) | 0.0017 |
| Middle level | 57 (11.61) | 320 (15.58) | 78 (12.11) | 412 (16.61) | 135 (11.89) | 732 (16.14) | |||
| High level | 165 (33.60) | 535 (26.05) | 187 (29.04) | 705 (28.42) | 352 (31.01) | 1240 (27.34) | |||
| Seasonally | 12 (2.44) | 57 (2.78) | 16 (2.48) | 50 (2.02) | 28 (2.47) | 107 (2.36) | |||
| Energy [kcal/day], Mean ± SD | 2034 ± 829 | 2385 ± 947 | <0.0001 | 1542 ± 555 | 1713 ± 654 | <0.0001 | 1755 ± 729 | 2017 ± 867 | <0.0001 |
| Dietary fiber [g/day], Mean ± SD | 20.3 ± 8.7 | 21.1 ± 9.2 | 0.0733 | 16.8 ± 7.4 | 17.7 ± 7.8 | 0.0019 | 18.3 ± 8.2 | 19.3 ± 8.7 | 0.0005 |
| Alcohol intake [g/day], Mean ± SD | 3.1 ± 15.1 | 5.0 ± 21.0 | 0.0111 | 0.3 ± 2.7 | 0.7 ± 6.4 | 0.0792 | 1.5 ± 10.2 | 2.7 ± 15.0 | 0.0014 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 359 (73.27) | 890 (43.84) | <0.0001 | 418 (65.21) | 874 (35.56) | <0.0001 | 777 (68.70) | 1764 (39.30) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 129 (27.22) | 161 (8.17) | <0.0001 | 119 (19.44) | 178 (7.51) | <0.0001 | 248 (22.84) | 339 (7.81) | <0.0001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 401 (82.68) | 1376 (68.97) | <0.0001 | 493 (76.79) | 1563 (64.03) | <0.0001 | 894 (79.33) | 2939 (66.25) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%) | 181 (38.19) | 699 (35.50) | 0.2742 | 168 (27.50) | 494 (20.70) | 0.0003 | 349 (32.17) | 1193 (27.39) | 0.0018 |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 272 (55.06) | 728 (35.34) | <0.0001 | 322 (50.00) | 706 (28.33) | <0.0001 | 594 (52.20) | 1434 (31.50) | <0.0001 |
CVD—cardiovascular disease; SD—standard deviation; n—number. Differences between quantitative and qualitative variables were tested by Wilcoxon rank sum test or Chi2 test, respectively.