| AGEs | Advanced glycation end products |
| CAT | Catalase |
| DAB | Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride |
| DN | Diabetic nephropathy |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| EMT | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| ESRD | End-stage renal disease |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| GPx | Glutathione peroxidase |
| H&E | Hematoxylin and eosin |
| HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography |
| HRP | Horseradish peroxidase |
| 3-IS | 3-indoxyl sulfate |
| KIM-1 | Kidney injury molecule-1 |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1β |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| MR | Molineria recurvata |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| 8-OHdG | 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine |
| PBS | Phospahte-buffered saline |
| PKM2 | Pyruvate kinase M2 |
| PVDF | Polyvinylidene difluoride |
| SBP-1 | Selenium binding protein 1 |
| SDS | Sodium dodecyl sulfate |
| SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| α-SMA | α-Smooth muscle actin |
| TBA | Thiobarbituric acid |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-β |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-α |