Table 3.

Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals for associations between maintenance of depressive episodes, incidence of depression, and consumption of omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid, polyunsaturated fats (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) with the estimates from models 2 and 3. ELSA-Brasil Study 2008–2010 (baseline) and 2012–2014 (first follow-up visit).

Maintenance of Depressive Episodes	Crude OR (95% CI)	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)
Omega-3	0.88 (0.73–1.03)	0.87 (0.73–1.02)	0.87 (0.70–1.03) **
Alpha-linolenic acid	0.91 (0.61–1.35)	0.91 (0.61–1.37)	0.93 (0.62–1.39)
EPA	0.36 (0.10–1.11)	0.35 (0.10–1.07)	0.35 (0.10–1.09)
DHA	0.73 (0.50–1.02)	0.71 (0.49–1.05)	0.72 (0.49–1.01) **
DPA	0.32 (0.10–1.17)	0.29 (0.07–1.10)	0.31 (0.10–1.13)
PUFA	0.98 (0.93–1.02)	0.98 (0.94–1.03)	0.98 (0.94–1.04) **
Incidence of Depressive Episodes	Crude OR (95% CI)	Model 1 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 1 OR (95% CI)
Omega-3	0.90 (0.82–0.98 )*	0.91 (0.82–0.98) *	0.91 (0.84–0.98) *
Alpha-linolenic acid	0.72 (0.59–0.89) *	0.73 (0.59–0.90) *	0.71 (0.59–0.91) *
EPA	0.62 (0.34–1.09)	0.67 (0.37–1.15)	0.69 (0.39–1.20)
DHA	0.87 (0.73 -1.02) **	0.88 (0.74 -1.04) **	0.89 (0.75 -1.05) **
DPA	0.59 (0.29–1.12)	0.62 (0.32–1.18)	0.66 (0.33–1.25)
PUFA	0.97 (0.95–1.00) **	0.98 (0.95–1.00) **	0.98 (0.95–1.00) **

Model 1: sex + schooling; Model 2: model 1 + nutritional status. Model 1¹: sex + schooling + marital status + age group; Model 2¹: model 1¹ + nutritional status + smoking + physical activity. (*) significant (**) relevant magnitudes, but with borderline significance.