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. 2022 Aug 8;11(15):2068. doi: 10.3390/plants11152068

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Animal visitors of Rivea ornata (hv: herbivore, pr: potential protector, ec: exudate consumer, po: potential pollinator). (A) Polyrhachis proxima (pr) on petiolar nectaries. (B) Oecophylla amaragdina (pr) on calyx and petiolar nectaries. (C) Ropalidia sp. (ec; blue arrowhead) and Crematogaster sp. (pr; red arrowhead) visiting calyces. (D) Gangara thyrsis (po) visiting a flower. (E) Agrius convolvuli (po) visiting a flower. (F) Rapala dieneces dieneces (ec) visiting a calyx. (G) Caterpillar of Homodes sp. (hv; red arrowhead) on a branch, undisturbed by Oecophylla amaragdina (pr; blue arrowhead). (H) Balta sp. (ec; yellow arrowhead), Lobopterella dimidiatipes (ec; blue arrowhead), and Camponotus sp. (pr; red arrowhead) on calyces. (I) Balta sp. (po) visiting a flower; note the pollen grains on its antennae. (J) Unidentified Helicinan snail (ec) on a petiolar nectary. (K) Unidentified katydid (hv) consuming the corolla of a flower. (L) Aspidimorpha sp. (hv) on a leaf.