Table 1.
Summary of studies carried out with different synthetic and natural polymers.
| Type of Polymer | Main Polymer | Experimental Stage | Cell Viability (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synthetic Polymers | pHEMA | In vitro (human), in vivo (mice and porcine) | >80 | [39,40,41,42,43,44,45] |
| PVA | In vitro (human), in vivo (mice) Ex vivo (porcine) | >88 | [46,47,48,49,50,51,52] | |
| PEG | In vitro (human), in vivo (mice) Ex vivo (porcine) | >80 | [53,54,55,56,57,58] | |
| pNIPAAm | In vitro (human), ex vivo (porcine) | >90 | [59,60,61] | |
| PNVCL | In vitro (human) | >85 | [62,63,64,65] | |
| Natural Polymers | Collagen (COL) | In vitro (human), in vivo (mice) Ex vivo (human) | >80 | [66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73] |
| Gelatin (GEL) | In vitro (human), in vivo (mice) Ex vivo (mice) | >90 | [74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82] | |
| Polidopamine (PDA) | In vitro (human), in vivo (mice) Ex vivo (human) | >80 | [83,84,85,86,87,88,89] | |
| Elastin (EL) | In vitro (human), in vivo (mice) Ex vivo (porcine) | >80 | [90,91,92,93,94,95,96] | |
| Chitosan (CTS) | In vitro (human), in vivo (mice) Ex vivo (human) | >80 | [97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104] | |
| Hyaluronic Acid (HA) | In vitro (human), in vivo (mice) Ex vivo (human) | >80 | [104,105,106,107,108,109,110] | |
| Alginate (ALG) | In vitro (human), in vivo (mice) Ex vivo (porcine and canine) | >85 | [111,112,113,114,115,116,117] | |
| Cellulose (CEL) | In vitro (human), in vivo (mice) Ex vivo (porcine) | >75 | [118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126] |