Table 5.
Linear regression results for age- and dietary-based main effects of food clusters with omnivorous reference group.
| Age | Omnivorous vs. Vegetarian | Omnivorous vs. Vegan | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95%-CI | p | β | 95%-CI | p | β | 95%-CI | p | |
| Part A—Basic Clusters | |||||||||
| FC—1a: Total of refined grains | 0.05 | [1.21, −1.12] | 0.939 | −0.20 | [3.15, −3.54] | 0.908 | −4.67 | [−1.91, −7.44] | 0.001 |
| FC—1b: Total of whole grains | 0.11 | [1.31, −1.09] | 0.407 | 1.83 | [5.28, −1.62] | 0.297 | 1.31 | [4.16, −1.55] | 0.368 |
| FC—2: Total of beans and seeds | 0.16 | [1.84, −1.53] | 0.855 | 6.83 | [11.66, 2.00] | 0.006 | 12.25 | [16.25, 8.25] | <0.001 |
| FC—3: Total of fruit and vegetables | −1.71 | [−0.23, −3.20] | 0.024 | 2.40 | [6.65, −1.86] | 0.268 | 12.52 | [16.04, 8.99] | <0.001 |
| FC—4: Total of dairy | −0.89 | [0.08, −1.87] | 0.072 | −8.46 | [−5.67, −11.25] | <0.001 | −18.71 | [−16.40, −21.02] | <0.001 |
| FC—5: Dairy alternatives | 0.69 | [2.52, −1.13] | 0.455 | 7.56 | [12.80, 2.32] | 0.005 | 14.50 | [18.83, 10.17] | <0.001 |
| FC—6a: Total of unprocessed meat | 0.41 | [1.55, −0.73] | 0.475 | −19.18 | [−15.92, −22.45] | <0.001 | −19.09 | [−16.39, −21.80] | <0.001 |
| FC—6b: Total of processed meat | 0.47 | [1.51, −0.56] | 0.369 | −14.88 | [−11.90, −17.86] | <0.001 | −14.78 | [−12.31, −17.24] | <0.001 |
| FC—7: Meat alternatives | 0.94 | [1.66, 0.22] | 0.011 | 6.23 | [8.29, 4.17] | <0.001 | 8.12 | [9.83, 6.41] | <0.001 |
| FC—8: Fish | −0.16 | [0.33, −0.65] | 0.512 | −10.15 | [−8.74, −11.56] | <0.001 | −10.18 | [−9.02, −11.35] | <0.001 |
| FC—9: Eggs | 0.17 | [0.96, −0.61] | 0.663 | −6.78 | [−4.53, −9.03] | <0.001 | −14.24 | [−12.38, −16.11] | <0.001 |
| FC—10: Total of oils | 0.81 | [2.45, −0.82] | 0.328 | 0.02 | [4.71, −4.67] | 0.994 | −6.25 | [−2.37, −10.13] | 0.002 |
| FC—11: Total of snacks | −0.07 | [0.86, −1.00] | 0.885 | −0.35 | [2.32, −3.02] | 0.797 | −1.61 | [0.60, −3.81] | 0.153 |
| FC—12: Total of water | −1.62 | [1.09, −4.34] | 0.240 | 6.09 | [13.87, −1.69] | 0.124 | 4.62 | [11.06, −1.82] | 0.159 |
| FC—13: Beverages | 0.25 | [0.90, −0.40] | 0.446 | 0.25 | [2.11, −1.61] | 0.789 | 0.38 | [1.92, −1.16] | 0.625 |
| FC—14: Alcohol | 0.16 | [0.77, −0.45] | 0.603 | −2.34 | [−0.59, −4.09] | 0.009 | −1.83 | [−0.38, −3.28] | 0.014 |
| Part B—Umbrella Clusters | |||||||||
| FC—15a: Plant protein | −0.86 | [0.74, −2.45] | 0.291 | 10.58 | [15.14, 6.02] | <0.001 | 17.70 | [21.47, 13.92] | <0.001 |
| FC—15b: Animal protein | −0.27 | [0.70, −1.25] | 0.581 | −17.20 | [−14.41, −19.99] | <0.001 | −29.15 | [−26.84, −31.46] | <0.001 |
| FC—16: Processed foods and free/added sugar | 0.10 | [1.96, −1.76] | 0.918 | −0.05 | [5.28, −5.38] | 0.987 | −4.47 | [−0.06, −8.88] | 0.047 |
| FC—17: Free/added sugar | 0.14 | [1.43, −1.14] | 0.828 | 2.17 | [5.86, −1.51] | 0.246 | 0.87 | [3.92, −2.18] | 0.573 |
The omnivorous group is considered the reference. β—regression coefficient. CI—confidence interval. p—p-value. FC—food clusters.