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. 2022 Aug 4;27(15):4962. doi: 10.3390/molecules27154962

Table 1.

Chemical constituents of Agropyron repens rhizome extracts (literature data) [33,34].

Class Compounds Quantitation Extraction
Solvent
Ref.
Polysaccharides fructosan (triticin), inulin ~12% water [10,35]
Disaccharides not identified water [35]
Monosaccharides fructose, glucose, rhamnose (17.1, 3.4, nd%) water [10,35]
Sugar alcohols mannitol, inositol nd nr [6,36]
Phenolic acids,
free (and bound)
chlorogenic acid nd nr [10]
p-coumaric acid 87 (24) μg/g water [37]
p-hydroxybenzoic acid 10 (55) μg/g water [37]
vanillic acid 27 (11) μg/g water [37]
ferulic acid 38 (12) μg/g water [37]
vanillin 4 (17) μg/g water [37]
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde tr (4) μg/g water [37]
Flavonoids tricin nd nr [10,19,38]
rutin
hyperoside
baicalein
quercetin
luteolin
Tannins 5% water [10]
Antraquinones emodin 0.06–0.2 μg/g acetonitrile/water [39]
chrysophanol 0.05–0.2 μg/g
physcion 0.08–0.3 μg/g
Si silicon species 0.4% water [40]
Main Volatiles palmitic acid 0.05% steam distillation [6,16]
carvacrol
trans-anethole
carvone
thymol
menthol
menthone
Vitamins ascorbic acid nd nr [10]
β-carotene
Organic acids acetic acid nd water [10,41]
propionic acid
butyric acid
hexanoic acid
phenylacetic acid
succinic acid
cinnamic acid
p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid
p-coumaric acid
3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid
Total polyphenols contents 257.95 μgGAE/mL ethanol/water [11]
Total flavonoid contents 70.89 μgRE/mL ethanol/water [11]
Antioxidant activity ~35% (DPPH) ethanol/water [11]
~60% (reducing power) ethanol/water [11]

nd: not determined; nr: not reported; GAE: gallic acid equivalent; RE: rutin equivalent; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; reducing power: with respect to Fe3+ to Fe2+.