Table 5.
Qualitative and quantitate data of phenolic compounds and tryptophan, identified by comparison with standard, in AR1, AR2, AR3 herbal tea (IN), aqueous extracts at 50 °C (50) and 25 °C (25), reported as μg/g of dry rizhome, mean value of analysis in triplicate ± standard deviation (σ). tR: retention time; [M-H]−: monoisotopic mass of the deprotonated ion used for the SIR channel; values with different letters within rows are significantly different (p < 0.05): a, b, c refer to the same rhizome (AR1, AR2 or AR3) extracts at different temperatures; A, B, C, refer to the three herbal teas AR1, AR2 and AR3. nd: not detected; < LOD: under LOD, calculated from the corresponding calibration curve. AR1-IN, AR2-IN, AR3-IN: herbal tea; AR1-50, AR2-50, AR3-50: aqueous extracts at 50 °C; AR1-25, AR2-25, AR3-25: aqueous extracts at 25 °C. EA quantitated as quercetin equivalent; 3-FQA and 4-FQA tentatively assigned and quantitated as ferulic acid equivalent.
| Compound | tR (min) |
AR1-IN (μg/g ± σ) |
AR1-50 (μg/g ± σ) |
AR1-25 (μg/g ± σ) |
AR2-IN (μg/g ± σ) |
AR2-50 (μg/g ± σ) |
AR2-25 (μg/g ± σ) |
AR3-IN (μg/g ± σ) |
AR3-50 (μg/g ± σ) |
AR3-25 (μg/g ± σ) |
[M-H]− (m/z) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GA | 3.15 | 0.70 ± 0.08 a,A | 2.78 ± 0.08 b | 0.63 ± 0.04 a | 0.67 ± 0.09 a,A | 0.60 ± 0.08 a | 0.61 ± 0.07 a | 2.80 ± 0.13 a,B | 1.90 ± 0.25 a | 5.10 ± 0.00 b | 169 |
| 3,5-DHBA | 4.61 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 153 |
| PCA | 5.15 | 1.49 ± 0.19 a,A | 6.64 ± 0.25 b | 2.99 ± 0.12 c | 1.21 ± 0.09 a,A | 1.85 ± 0.08 a | 2.03 ± 0.05 b | 7.16 ± 0.56 a,B | 6.19 ± 0.19 a | 7.39 ± 0.92 a | 153 |
| TP | 5.51 | 19.92 ± 1.19 a,A | 20.52 ± 1.92 a | 12.61 ± 0.41 b | 203.66 ± 18.70 a,B | 116.20 ± 18.64 b | 196.05 ± 3.30 c | 13.01 ± 0.63 a,C | 20.76 ± 3.89 b | 20.99 ± 2.13 b | 203 |
| 5-CQA | 6.90 | 57.40 ± 4.40 a,A | 59.02 ± 5.08 a | 20.06 ± 0.60 b | 107.56 ± 7.04 a,B | 101.23 ± 0.59 b | 105.10 ± 6.02 b | 112.22 ± 5.96 a,C | 220.06 ± 22.42 b | 202.31 ± 26.06 b | 353 |
| GeA | 7.14 | 0.86 ± 0.02 a,A | 2.38 ± 0.03 b | 0.87 ± 0.06 a | 1.23 ± 0.06 a,B | 1.10 ± 0.09 a | 1.63 ± 0.19 b | 2.07 ± 0.27 a,B | 4.19 ± 0.34 a | 3.46 ± 0.34 b | 153 |
| Ca | 7.32 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 289 |
| 4-CQA | 7.55 | 32.43 ± 0.65 a,A | 35.69 ± 0.64 b | 17.45 ± 1.75 c | 65.66 ± 3.92 a,B | 47.09 ± 1.56 b | 54.34 ± 6.24 b | 46.39 ± 4.75 a,C | 85.84 ± 2.55 b | 74.88 ± 8.81 c | 353 |
| p-HBA | 7.73 | 5.32 ± 0.47 a,A | 3.01 ± 0.78 b | 4.82 ± 0.59 a | 3.64 ± 0.47 a,B | 6.04 ± 0.57 b | 4.69 ± 0.82 a | 9.52 ± 0.94 a,C | 8.73 ± 0.55 b | 10.67 ± 1.00 b | 137 |
| 3-FQA | 7.77 | 9.99 ± 0.83 a,A | 53.70 ± 3.42 b | 13.03 ± 0.04 c | 53.99 ± 0.18 a,B | 33.43 ± 0.79 b | 65.19 ± 4.89 c | 16.08 ± 0.25 a,C | 25.01 ± 3.84 b | 56.21 ± 2.75 c | 367 |
| VA | 9.13 | 3.18 ± 0.24 a,A | 6.37 ± 0.19 b | 2.60 ± 0.21 c | 3.36 ± 0.24 a,A | 4.07 ± 0.36 b | 4.39 ± 0.42 b | 5.22 ± 0.54 a,B | 6.91 ± 0.59 b | 8.87 ± 0.38 c | 167 |
| CA | 9.45 | 2.55 ± 0.14 a,A | 34.88 ± 0.30 b | 16.57 ± 2.54 c | 6.98 ± 0.34 a,B | 25.90 ± 1.69 b | 12.13 ± 1.29 c | 6.91 ± 0.59 a,B | 26.86 ± 2.21 b | 86.52 ± 2.09 c | 179 |
| SyA | 9.56 | 1.89 ± 0.26 a,A | 3.25 ± 0.40 b | 1.76 ± 0.08 a | 1.95 ± 0.20 a,A | 1.77 ± 0.06 b | 2.20 ± 0.11 a | 3.69 ± 0.20 a,B | 4.59 ± 0.29 b | 4.80 ± 0.44 b | 197 |
| 2,6-DHBA | 10.48 | <LOD | 1.60 ± 0.06 | <LOD | 0.85 ± 0.11 a,A | 1.58 ± 0.12 b | 1.35 ± 0.06 b | 1.02 ± 0.08 a,A | 2.61 ± 0.05 b | 2.42 ± 0.16 b | 153 |
| m-HBA | 10.66 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 137 |
| 4-FQA | 12.12 | 3.97 ± 0.35 a,A | 26.50 ± 1.37 b | 5.14 ± 0.38 c | 27.14 ± 2.82 a,B | 17.59 ± 0.06 b | 30.30 ± 2.97 a | 7.97 ± 0.18 a,C | 23.25 ± 3.52 b | 28.84 ± 3.23 c | 367 |
| CouA | 14.19 | 5.83 ± 0.56 a,A | 10.21 ± 1.41 b | 4.62 ± 0.03 c | 8.53 ± 0.27 a,B | 14.58 ± 0.40 b | 10.24 ± 0.67 c | 7.60 ± 0.08 a,C | 11.92 ± 1.38 b | 20.74 ± 1.94 c | 163 |
| EA | 15.74 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.18 ± 0.02 a | 1.24 ± 0.08 b | <LOD | nd | nd | 301 |
| SiA | 15.92 | 0.40 ± 0.06 a,A | 0.73 ± 0.11 b | 0.41 ± 0.11 a | 0.50 ± 0.03 a,A | 0.54 ± 0.04 a | 0.69 ± 0.10 a | 0.78 ± 0.03 a,B | 1.18 ± 0.10 b | 0.93 ± 0.09 b | 223 |
| FA | 16.13 | 1.97 ± 0.08 a,A | 7.55 ± 0.56 b | 2.36 ± 0.99 c | 3.58 ± 0.47 a,B | 11.13 ± 0.01 b | 6.29 ± 0.18 c | 4.05 ± 0.20 a,B | 8.28 ± 0.87 b | 13.98 ± 0.79 c | 193 |
| My | 16.74 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.73 ± 0.07 | nd | nd | nd | 463 |
| Ru | 16.83 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 609 |
| Q-3-G | 17.75 | nd | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.59 ± 0.03 a | 0.74 ± 0.06 b | nd | nd | 0.73 ± 0.03 | 463 |
| K-3-R | 20.07 | nd | nd | nd | <LOD | <LOD | 0.16 ± 0.02 | nd | <LOD | nd | 593 |
| SaA | 20.33 | 0.30 ± 0.04 a,A | 0.43 ± 0.03 a | 0.34 ± 0.05 a | 0.29 ± 0.52 a,A | 0.55 ± 0.08 b | 1.08 ± 0.11 c | 1.37 ± 0.15 a,B | 1.94 ± 0.19 b | 3.44 ± 0.17 c | 137 |
| He | 23.26 | 1.37 ± 0.22 a,A | 1.01 ± 0.02 a | 1.05 ± 0.04 a | 1.71 ± 0.28 a,B | 1.30 ± 0.07 b | 1.17 ± 0.12 b | 4.40 ± 0.58 a,C | 1.11 ± 0.11 b | 6.91 ± 0.58 c | 609 |
| Q | 27.76 | <LOD | 0.19 ± 0.01 | <LOD | <LOD | 0.16 ± 0.06 a | 1.66 ± 0.15 b | <LOD | nd | <LOD | 301 |
| K | 30.27 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.42 ± 0.12 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 285 |
| i-XH | 32.70 | 0.22 ± 0.005 a,A | 0.23 ± 0.002 a | 0.25 ± 0.01 a | 0.24 ± 0.005 a,A | 0.28 ± 0.004 a | 0.49 ± 0.12 b | nd | nd | nd | 353 |
| XH | 38.04 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.24 ± 0.02 a | 4.14 ± 0.21 b | nd | nd | nd | 353 |