Table 1.
Demographics and Operative Characteristics
| Characteristic | Total n = 233 |
Method of spinal analgesia | p Value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None n = 85 |
ITM n = 115 |
ITM+TAP n = 33 |
|||
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 67 (59, 73) | 66 (57, 72) | 67 (59, 73) | 68 (59, 74) | 0.7478 |
| Sex, m, n (%) | 120 (51.5) | 41 (48.2) | 62 (53.9) | 17 (51.5) | 0.7294 |
| White, n (%) | 211 (90.6) | 80 (94.1) | 98 (85.2) | 33 (100) | 0.0140† |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 27 (23, 31) | 27 (24, 30) | 27 (23, 32) | 26 (26, 32) | 0.5757 |
| COPD, n (%) | 12 (5.2) | 3 (3.5) | 6 (5.2) | 3 (9.1) | 0.5151 |
| Anxiety, n (%) | 31 (13.3) | 9 (10.6) | 19 (16.5) | 3 (9.1) | 0.3528 |
| Depression, n (%) | 64 (27.5) | 26 (30.6) | 30 (26.1) | 8 (24.0) | 0.7055 |
| Substance use disorder, n (%) | 11 (4.7) | 4 (4.7) | 5 (4.4) | 2 (6.1) | >0.999 |
| Alcohol use disorder, n (%) | 32 (13.7) | 16 (18.8) | 15 (13.0) | 1 (3.0) | 0.0782 |
| Chronic opioid use, n (%) | 58 (24.9) | 24 (28.2) | 27 (23.5) | 7 (21.2) | 0.6472 |
| Malignant pathology, n (%) | 193 (84.3) | 68 (81.9) | 95 (83.3) | 30 (93.8) | 0.2739 |
| Operative duration, min, median (IQR) | 378 (286, 475) | 349 (269, 446) | 397 (292, 495) | 381 (349, 461) | 0.0471† |
| Open approach, n (%) | 190 (81.6) | 69 (81.2) | 91 (79.1) | 30 (90.9) | 0.3048 |
| Year of operation, n (%) | <0.0001† | ||||
| 2014 | 34 (14.6) | 34 (40.0) | 0 | 0 | |
| 2015 | 18 (7.7) | 18 (21.2) | 0 | 0 | |
| 2016 | 44 (18.9) | 20 (23.5) | 22 (19.1) | 2 (6.1) | |
| 2017 | 38 (16.3) | 4 (4.7) | 24 (20.9) | 10 (30.3) | |
| 2018 | 32 (13.7) | 3 (3.5) | 20 (17.4) | 9 (27.3) | |
| 2019 | 39 (16.7) | 2 (2.4) | 28 (24.4) | 9 (27.3) | |
| 2020 | 28 (12.0) | 4 (4.7) | 21 (18.3) | 3 (9.1) | |
*
Analgesia cohorts are compared using chi-square test for categorical characteristics or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous characteristics.
†
Statistically significant.
IQR, interquartile range; ITM, intrathecal morphine; TAP, transversus abdominus plane block.