Table 2.
Comparison of wireless data communication technologies integrated in smartphones.
| Technology Names | Transceiver Type |
Operating Frequency |
Data Rate |
Working Ranges | Power Consumption |
Power Source | Continuous Monitoring | Sensor Network | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bluetooth | Active radio | 2.4~5 GHz | <24 Mbps | 10~100 m | Medium | Battery | Yes | Yes | [55,56,57,58,59] |
| NFC | Passive transponder | 13.56 MHz | <424 Kbps | <5 cm | Very Low | Battery-free | No | No | [60,61,62] |
| Zigbee | Active radio | 868 MHz, 915 MHz, 2.4 GHz | 250 Kbps | 10~100 m | Low | Battery | Yes | Yes | [63,64,65] |
| Infrared | Active radio | 330~350 THz | 0.1~1 Mbps | <10 m | Medium | Battery | Yes | No | [66,67] |
| WiFi | Active radio | 2.4~5 GHz | 54 Mbps | 10~100 m | High | Battery | Yes | Yes | [68,69] |
| Ultrawideband | Active radio | 3.1~10.6 GHz | <480 Mbps | <10 m | Medium | Battery | Yes | Yes | [70,71,72] |