Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | Male (n = 509) | Female (n = 506) | Total (n = 1015) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: Mean(SD) | 39.62 (23.06) | 38.91 (15.16) | 39.27 (19.52) | 0.561 |
| Age group | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| < 50 | 387 (76.33) | 377 (74.80) | 764 (75.57) | 0.571 |
| > = 50 | 120 (23.67) | 127 (25.20) | 247 (24.43 | |
| Domicile | ||||
| Rural | 21 (4.14) | 27 (5.36) | 48 (4.75) | 0.470 |
| Semi-urban | 131 (25.84) | 140 (27.78) | 271 (26.81) | |
| Urban (Ref) | 355 (70.02) | 337 (66.87) | 692 (68.45) | |
| Education | ||||
| None | 16 (3.14) | 50 (9.88) | 66 (6.50) | <0.001 |
| Arabic* | 4 (0.79) | 11 (2.17) | 15 (1.48) | |
| Primary | 45 (8.84) | 74 (14.62) | 119 (11.72) | |
| Secondary | 132 (25.93) | 163 (32.21) | 295 (29.06) | |
| Tertiary | 312 (61.30) | 208 (41.11) | 520 (51.23) | |
| Average monthly income | ||||
| < = 100 USD | 269 (54.79) | 292 (61.47) | 561 (58.07) | 0.004 |
| > 100 USD | 222 (45.21) | 183 (38.53) | 405 (41.93) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 230 (45.19) | 160 (31.62) | 390 (38.42) | <0.001 |
| Married | 261 (51.28) | 291 (57.51) | 552 (54.38) | |
| Formerly married | 18 (3.54) | 55 (10.87) | 73 (7.19) | |
| Living arrangement | ||||
| Alone | 160 (31.43) | 89 (17.59) | 249 (24.53) | <0.001 |
| With spouse and children | 251 (49.31) | 281 (55.53) | 532 (52.41) | |
| With children | 11 (2.16) | 52 (10.28) | 63 (6.21) | |
| With others | 87 (17.09) | 84 (16.60) | 171 (16.85) | |
| Religion | ||||
| Christianity | 308 (60.51) | 331 (65.42) | 639 (62.96) | 0.091 |
| Islam | 196 (38.51) | 174 (34.39) | 370 (36.45) | |
| Others | 5 (0.98) | 1 (0.20) | 6 (0.59) | |
| Ethnic group | ||||
| Yoruba | 229 (44.99) | 257 (50.79) | 486 (47.88) | <0.001 |
| Igbo | 23 (4.52) | 11 (2.17) | 34 (3.35) | |
| Hausa | 92 (18.07) | 66 (13.04) | 158 (15.57) | |
| Akan | 60 (11.79) | 84 (16.60) | 144 (14.19) | |
| Ga/Adangbe | 32 (6.29) | 34 (6.72) | 66 (6.50) | |
| Ewe | 8 (1.57) | 11 (2.17) | 19 (1.87) | |
| Others | 65 (12.77) | 43 (8.50) | 108 (10.64) | |
| Primary Occupation | ||||
| Highly skilled | 69 (13.56) | 34 (6.72) | 103 (10.15) | <0.01 |
| Skilled | 126 (24.75) | 122 (24.11) | 248 (24.43) | |
| Semi-skilled | 84 (16.50) | 110 (21.74) | 194 (19.11) | |
| Manual work | 53 (10.41) | 96 (18.96) | 149 (14.68) | |
| Not working | 72 (14.15) | 84 (16.60) | 156 (15.37) | |
| Students | 105 (20.63) | 60 (11.86) | 165 (16.26) |
*Arabic schools are common in Northern Nigeria. They do some sorts of formal education, but the focus is Quran. It is not equivalent to “No formal education”.