Table 2. Clinical characteristics of the study participants attending at the Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, COVID-19 treatment center 2021 (n = 117).
| Variable | Category | Clinical stage | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild (n = 45), n (%) | Moderate (n = 43), n (%) | Severe (n = 29), n (%) | Total (117), n (%) | P-value | ||
| Co-morbidity# | Yes | 11 (24.4) | 23 (53.5) | 18 (62.1) | 52 (44.4) | .002 a |
| No | 34 (75.6) | 20 (46.5) | 11 (37.9) | 65 (55.6) | ||
| Type of co-morbidity | ||||||
| Hypertension | Yes | 3 (6.7) | 6 (14.0) | 8 (27,6) | 17 (14.5) | 0.05b |
| No | 42 (93.3) | 37 (86.0) | 21 (72.4) | 100 (85.5) | ||
| Digestive system disorder | Yes | 1 (2.2) | 4 (9.3) | 5 (17.2) | 10 (8.5) | 0.62b |
| No | 44 (97.8) | 39 (90.7) | 24 (82.8) | 107 (91.5) | ||
| Diabetic mellitus | Yes | 2 (4.4) | 8 (18.6) | 10 (34.5) | 20 (17.1) | 0.002b |
| No | 43 (95.6) | 35 (81.4) | 19 (65.5) | 97 (82.9) | ||
| Heart disease | Yes | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (6.9) | 3 (2.6) | 0.183b |
| No | 45 (100) | 42 (97.7) | 27 (93.1) | 114 (97.4) | ||
| Liver disease | Yes | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) | 0.615b |
| No | 45 (100) | 42 (97.7) | 29 (100) | 116 (99.1) | ||
| Cancer | Yes | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (6.9) | 3 (2.6) | 0.183b |
| No | 45 (100) | 42 (97.7) | 27 (93.1) | 114 (97.4) | ||
| Tuberculosis | Yes | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (6.9) | 4 (3.4) | 0.554b |
| No | 44 (97.8) | 42 (97.7) | 27 (93.1) | 113 (96.6) | ||
| Renal disease | Yes | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (1.7) | 0.523b |
| No | 45 (100) | 42 (97.7) | 28 (96.6) | 115 (98.3) | ||
| Epilepsy | Yes | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.4) | 3 (2.6) | 0.464b |
| No | 43 (95.6) | 43 (100) | 28 (96.6) | 114 (97.4) | ||
| Human Immuno virus | Yes | 1 (2.2) | 3 (7.0) | 1 (3.4) | 5 (4.3) | 0.538b |
| No | 44 (97.8) | 40 (93.0) | 28 (96.6) | 112 (95.7) | ||
| Asthma | Yes | 3 (6.7) | 5 (11.6) | 0 (0) | 8 (6.8) | 0.146b |
| No | 42 (93.3) | 38 (88.4) | 29 (100) | 109 (93.2) | ||
| Other respiratory disease * | Yes | 1 (2.2) | 5 (11.6) | 4 (13.8) | 10 (8.5) | 0.134b |
| No | 44 (97.8) | 38 (88.4) | 25 (86.2) | 107 (91.5) | ||
| Presenting signs and symptoms | Fever | 9 (20.0) | 36 (83.7) | 22 (75.9) | 67 (57.3) | <0.001 a |
| Headache | 20 (44.4) | 32 (81.4) | 18 (62.0) | 70 (59.8) | .016 a | |
| Nausea | 6 (13.3) | 18 (41.9) | 8 (27.6) | 32 (27.4) | .011 a | |
| Breathing difficulty | 5 (11.1) | 30 (69.8) | 25 (86.2) | 60 (51.3) | <0.001 a | |
| Chest pain | 6 (13.3) | 23 (53.5) | 18 (62.1) | 47 (40.2) | <0.001 a | |
| Abdominal pain | 12 (26.7) | 20 (46.5) | 11 (37.9) | 43 (36.8) | .153a | |
| Cough | 28 (62.2) | 30 (69.8) | 19 (65.5) | 77 (65.8) | .757a | |
| Sputum production | 5 (11.1) | 17 (39.5) | 12 (41.4) | 34 (29.1) | .003 a | |
| Pharyngalgia | 9 (20.0) | 23 (53.5) | 18 (62.01) | 50 (42.7) | <0.001 a | |
| Myalgia | 13 (28.9) | 24 (55.8) | 23 (79.3) | 60 (51.3) | <0.001 a | |
| PT | Normal | 24 (53.3) | 2 (4.7) | 0 (0) | 26 (22.2) | <0.001 b |
| Shorten | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Prolonged | 21 (46.7) | 41 (95.3) | 29 (100) | 91 (77.8) | ||
| APTT | Normal | 8 (17.8) | 23 (53.5) | 16 (55.2) | 47 (40.2) | <0.001 b |
| Shorten | 35 (77.8) | 14 (32.6) | 5 (17.2) | 54 (46.2) | ||
| Prolonged | 2 (4.4) | 6 (14.0) | 8 (27.6) | 16 (13.7) | ||
| Patient status at day 7 | Healed | 16 (35.6) | 6 (14.0) | 1 (3.4) | 23 (19.7) | <0.001 b |
| On treatment | 27 (60.0) | 31 (72.1) | 21 (72.4) | 79 (67.5) | ||
| Died | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 7 (24.1) | 8 (6.8) | ||
| Lost | 2 (4.4) | 5 (11.6) | 0 | 7 (6.0) | ||
#: presence of one or more of the disease listed in the type of co-morbidity
a: Pearson chi-square P-value
b: fisher exact test P-value
*: bronchitis and allergic rhinitis