Table 1.
Sample Characteristics of Black and White Older Adults Who Resided in the U.S. South During School, Weighted Estimates, Health and Retirement Study (n = 4,343)
| White n = 2,950 |
Black n = 1,393 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Mean (SE) or % | Mean (SE) or % | |
| Cognitive healtha | ||
| Cognitive functioningb | 14.0 (0.04) | 10.4 (0.06) |
| Episodic memoryb | 8.8 (0.03) | 7.0 (0.04) |
| Working memoryb | 5.2 (0.02) | 3.4 (0.03) |
| Age (years)a,b | 74.2 (0.06) | 73.5 (0.09) |
| Women | 57.3% | 59.1% |
| Schooling cohort b | ||
| ≤1939 | 33.2% | 36.8% |
| 1940–1948 | 36.9% | 34.8% |
| 1949–1954 | 29.9% | 28.4% |
| Census divisionb,c | ||
| South Atlantic | 43.3% | 52.7% |
| East South Central | 25.5% | 24.2% |
| West South Central | 31.2% | 23.1% |
| Parent’s schooling ≥8 years | 61.1% | 41.3% |
| Years of schoolingd | ||
| Self-reportedb | 10.5 (0.05) | 8.8 (0.10) |
| Duration in schoolb | 7.9 (0.04) | 5.8 (0.08) |
| Degree attainmentb | ||
| No degree | 35.6% | 65.3% |
| GED | 5.6% | 3.8% |
| High school diploma | 41.7% | 23.6% |
| Some college or more | 17.1% | 7.2% |
| Interview modea,b | ||
| Face-to-face | 41.7% | 43.9% |
| Phone | 58.3% | 56.1% |
aMean estimates across years of observation reported.
bRace differences significant at p < .05.
cPer our restricted data agreement, we can only report individual-level data no lower than the Census division level.
dYears of primary or secondary schooling (does not include postsecondary schooling).