Table 1.
The characteristics of included studies in this meta-analysis.
| Author | year | Study type | Intervention | Sample | Duration of intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Izadi, et al[22] | 2019 | RCT | 200 mg CoQ10 daily + vitamin E placebo\400 IU vitamin E daily + CoQ10 placebo\200 mg CoQ10 + 400 IU vitamin E daily\CoQ10 placebo + vitamin E placebo | 22\22\21\21 | 8 wk |
| Jamilian et al[23] | 2018 | RCT | 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids plus 400 IU vitamin E supplements\placebo | 20\20 | 12 wk |
| Mirmasoumi et al[24] | 2018 | RCT | 1000 mg flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids\placebo | 30\30 | 12 wk |
| Ebrahimi et al[25] | 2017 | RCT | 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α-linolenic acid plus 400 IU vitamin E supplements\placebo | 34\34 | 12 wk |
| Rahmani et al[26] | 2017 | RCT | 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α-linolenic acid plus 400 IU vitamin E supplements\placebo | 34\34 | 12 wk |
| Rahmani et al[27] | 2018 | RCT | 100 mg CoQ10\placebo | 20\20 | 12 wk |
| Samimi et al[28] | 2017 | RCT | 100 mg CoQ10 supplements\placebo | 30\30 | 12 wk |
| Shabani et al[29] | 2019 | RCT | 10 mg melatonin\placebo | 29\29 | 12 wk |
| Jamilian et al[30] | 2018 | RCT | 8 × 109 CFU/d probiotic plus 200μg/d selenium supplements\placebo | 30\30 | 12 wk |
| Mohammad Hosseinzadeh et al[31] | 2016 | RCT | Daily administration of 200 g selenium\placebo | 26\27 | 12 wk |
| Jamilian et al[32] | 2015 | RCT | 200 µg/d selenium supplements\placebo | 35\35 | 8 wk |
| Zadeh Modarres et al[33] | 2018 | RCT | 200-μg selenium\placebo per day | 20\20 | 8 wk |
| Heidar et al[34] | 2020 | RCT | 200 μg/d of selenium\palcebo | 18\18 | 8 wk |
| Rashidi et al[35] | 2020 | RCT | 200 μg/d selenium\placebo | 34\32 | 12 wk |
| Fruzzetti et al[36] | 2017 | RCT | Myo-inositol 4 g plus folic acid 400 mcg/d\placebo | 24\30 | 6 mo |
| Nestler et al[37] | 1999 | RCT | The oral administration of 1200 mg of D-chiro-inositol\placebo once daily | 22\22 | 6 wk |
| Iuorno et al[38] | 2002 | RCT | Initiated with either 600 mg of D-chiro-inositol\placebo once daily | 10\10 | 6–8 wk |
| Jamilian et al[39] | 2018 | RCT | 50,000 IU vitamin D every 2 wk plus 2000 mg/day omega-3 fatty acid from fish oil\placebo | 30\30 | 12 wk |
| Shokrpour et al[40] | 2019 | RCT | 250 mg/d magnesium plus 400 mg/d vitamin E supplements\placebo | 30\30 | 12 wk |
| Jamilian et al[41] | 2019 | RCT | Participants were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive 250 mg/d magnesium plus 400 mg/d vitamin E supplements\placebo | 30\30 | 12 wk |
| Hager et al[42] | 2019 | RCT | Assigned to either the “multinutrient supplementation group” (1 unlabeled soft capsule containing omega-3 fatty acids and 1 unlabeled tablet containing folic acid, selenium, vitamin E, catechin, glycyrrhizin, and Co Q10) or the “control group” (2 unlabeled soft capsules containing 200 μg folic acid each) | 30\30 | 3 mo |
| Maktabi et al[43] | 2018 | RCT | Treated with 100 mg magnesium, 4 mg zinc, 400 mg calcium plus 200 IU vitamin D supplements (n = 30)\placebo (n = 30) twice a day | 30\30 | 12 wk |
| Foroozanfard et al[44] | 2015 | RCT | 220 mg zinc sulfate (containing 50 mg zinc) supplements\placebo per day | 26\26 | 8 wk |