Table 1.
Patient backgrounds and preoperative examinations
| All | MV repair | MVR | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 50 | 42 | 8 | |
| Male | 29 (58%) | 26 (62%) | 3 (37%) | 0.19 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.57 ± 0.16 | 1.59 ± 0.14 | 1.51 ± 0.24 | 0.2 |
| Age | 74 (65.7–77) | 73.5 (64.5–77.3) | 74.5 (69.3–77) | 0.5 |
| HT | 33 (66%) | 26 (62%) | 7 (87%) | 0.16 |
| HL | 12 (24%) | 10 (23%) | 2 (25%) | 0.94 |
| DM | 2 (4%) | 2 (4.7%) | 0 | 0.52 |
| FEV1% < 70% (%) | 21 (40%) | 18 (43%) | 3 (37%) | 0.77 |
| %VC < 80% (%) | 7 (14%) | 6 (14%) | 1 (12%) | 0.89 |
| Thyroid disease | 7 (14%) | 5 (12%) | 2 (25%) | 0.32 |
| Creatinine level | 0.88 (0.76–1.17) | 0.88 (0.76–1.1) | 0.89 (0.77–1.4) | 0.71 |
| CKD | 9 (18%) | 7 (17%) | 2 (25%) | 0.57 |
| Persistent Af | 41 (82%) | 35 (83%) | 7 (75%) | 0.57 |
| Afib duration (year) | 12 (5–21) | 13 (6–21) | 8.5 (2.25–14.7) | 0.19 |
| Angiographical findings | ||||
| Mean PA pressure (mmHg) | 21 (18–25.5) | 21 (18–25) | 20 (15–27) | 0.76 |
| PCWP (mmHg) | 13 (10–17.8) | 13 (10–17) | 16 (6–20) | 0.84 |
| Mean RA pressure (mmHg) | 6 (4–8) | 7.1 ± 0.8 | 6.2 ± 2.8 | 0.3 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 0.17 |
| Echocardiographical findings | ||||
| MR grade 4 | 16 (32%) | 11 (26%) | 5 (62.5%) | 0.04 |
| LVDd (mm) | 57 ± 8.5 | 57 ± 8.3 | 61 ± 9.4 | 0.25 |
| LVEDV (ml) | 160 (123–195) | 156 (115–193) | 176 (136–221) | 0.24 |
| LVEDVI (ml/m2) | 101 (76–124) | 103 ± 35 | 126 ± 35 | 0.07 |
| LVDs (mm) | 38 ± 6.8 | 38 ± 6.3 | 42 ± 8.3 | 0.22 |
| LVESV (ml) | 61 (44–85) | 60 (43–84) | 70 (56–86) | 0.22 |
| LVESVI (ml/m2) | 38 (30–51) | 37 (26–49) | 50 (35–63) | 0.04 |
| LA dimension (mm) | 59 (53–72) | 62 ± 14 | 61 ± 13 | 0.71 |
| LAV (ml) | 194 (135–410) | 194 (129–407) | 230 (157–425) | 0.66 |
| LAVI (ml/m2) | 122 (84–258) | 117 (78–258) | 135 (102–260) | 0.51 |
| TRPG (mmHg) | 28 (22–40) | 28 (22–38) | 32 (23–43) | 0.7 |
| EF (%) | 69 ± 7.8 | 70 ± 7.8 | 67 ± 7.7 | 0.21 |
| TR ≥ 3 | 17 (34%) | 13 (31%) | 4 (50%) | 0.29 |
| Mitral annular dilation | 50 (100%) | 42 (100%) | 8 (100%) | 1 |
| Posterior leaflet tethering | 11 | 7 (17%) | 4 (50%) | 0.037 |
BSA body surface area, HT hypertension, HL hyperlipidemia, DM diabetes mellitus, FEV1% forced expiratory volume in 1 s, %VC % vital capacity, CKD chronic kidney disease, pAf paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, Afib atrial fibrillation, PA pulmonary artery, PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, RA right atrial, CI cardiac index, MR mitral regurgitation, LVDd left ventricular diastolic diameter, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVEDVI left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, LVDs left ventricular systolic diameter, LVESV left ventricular end-systolic volume, LVESVI left ventricular end-systolic volume index, LA left atrial, LAV left atrial volume, LVVI left atrial volume index, TRPG peak tricuspid regurgitant pressure gradient, EF ejection fraction, TR tricuspid regurgitation