Table 2.

Comparison of the proposed WPT system with state-of-the-art systems.

Ref.	19	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	36	This work
WPT System
WPT bands	One	One	One	One	One	One	One	One	One	Two
Frequency (GHz)	0.433	0.655	0.915	0.915	0.910	2.45	1.9	1.470	1.5	0.915, 2.45
WPT distance (mm)	500	500	500	1500	20	500	20	50	55	60
Transmitted power (mW)	1000	10	317	–	–	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000
Received power (mW)	0.15	–	–	–	–	–	2.5	6.7	4.73	8.3, 13
PTE (%)	0.015	0.06	0.01	0.0001	0.01	0.007	0.25	0.67	0.473	0.83, 1.3
Implantable Antenna
Size (${\text{mm}}^2$)	$10\times 10$	$\pi$ $\times 5^2$	$16\times 14$	$\pi$ $\times 5.4^2$	$13\times 13$	$4\times 8$	$5.6\times 6$	$\pi$ $\times 3.5^2$	$20.5\times 31$	$5\times 5.25$
Frequency (GHz)	0.433, 2.45	0.675	0.915	0.915	0.915	2.45	0.915, 1.9	0.403, 0.915, 1.470, 2.45	0.403, 1.5, 0.915, 2.45	0.915, 2.45
Bandwidth (%)	26, 2.9	2.2	5.7	2.7	3.8	4.1	9.83, 27.9	–	–	14.5, 8.2
Gain (dBi)	−11, −15	−15.37	−24.3	−23.2	−29	−19	−26.8, −18.8	−34, −19.6, −28.2, −22.4	~ −34.6	−22.1, −19.6