Table 2.
Univariate analysis of ischemic stroke occurrence based on the training cohort.
| Variable | IS group (n = 69) | non-IS group (n = 170) | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 25 (36.2) | 36 (21.2) | 2.115 (1.145-3.906) | 0.017 | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 54.0 (43.0-64.0) | 37.0 (31.0-50.0) | 1.055 (1.034-1.076) | <0.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m²), median (IQR) | 24.0 (21.3-27.3) | 23.4 (20.7-26.4) | 1.021 (0.958-1.087) | 0.522 | |
| Time from the first APS event (months), median (IQR) | 11.0 (2.0-48.0) | 7 (1.0-33.2) | 1.004 (1.000-1.009) | 0.640 | |
| aGAPSS, median (IQR) | 13.0 (11.0-16.0) | 9.0 (5.3-13.0) | 1.169 (1.088-1.256) | <0.001 | |
| Autoimmune disease, n (%) | 40 (57.9) | 75 (44.1) | 1.97 (1.114-3.486) | 0.020 | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 12 (17.4) | 17 (10.0) | 1.895 (0.852-4.213) | 0.117 | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 35 (50.7) | 41 (24.1) | 3.239 (1.798-5.834) | <0.001 | |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 45 (65.2) | 85 (50.0) | 1.875 (1.050-3.347) | 0.033 | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 21 (30.4) | 12 (7.1) | 8.464 (3.957-18.106) | <0.001 | |
| COPD, n (%) | 3 (4.3) | 1 (0.6) | 7.682 (0.785-75.176) | 0.080 | |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 6 (8.7) | 10 (5.9) | 1.524 (0.531-4.369) | 0.433 | |
| Hyperuricemia, n (%) | 18 (26.1) | 8 (4.7) | 7.147 (2.934-17.409) | <0.001 | |
| Anticoagulation, n (%) | 24 (34.8) | 75 (44.1) | 0.676 (0.378-1.207) | 0.185 | |
| Antiplatelet, n (%) | 24 (34.8) | 42 (24.7) | 1.625 (0.887-2.979) | 0.116 | |
| Immunosuppressant, n (%) | 36 (52.2) | 75 (44.1) | 1.273 (0.727-2.230) | 0.398 | |
| HCQ, n (%) | 30 (43.5) | 85 (50.0) | 0.769 (0.438-1.351) | 0.361 | |
| aCL, n (%) | 51 (73.9) | 100 (58.8) | 1.983 (1.069-3.680) | 0.030 | |
| aβ2GPI, n (%) | 46 (66.7) | 57 (33.5) | 1.009 (0.557-1.826) | 0.977 | |
| LAC, n (%) | 55 (79.7) | 91 (53.5) | 3.411 (1.763-6.596) | <0.001 | |
| Triple aPL positivity, n (%) | 31 (44.9) | 44 (25.9) | 2.336 (1.301-4.195) | 0.005 | |
| Platelet (×109/L), median (IQR) | 114.9 (63.0-172.0) | 180.1 (104.3-237.5) | 0.993 (0.989-0.996) | <0.001 | |
| Mean platelet volume (fl), median (IQR) | 9.5 (8.2-10.9) | 9.9 (9.0-10.9) | 0.932 (0.784-1.108) | 0.423 | |
| INR, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 0.912 (0.418-1.988) | 0.817 | |
| D-Dimer (ng/ml), median (IQR), | 178.0 (87.0-543.0) | 279.0 (96.0-557.5) | 1.000 (1.000-1.000) | 0.207 | |
| ESR increased, n (%) | 24 (34.8) | 74 (43.5) | 0.692 (0.387-1.237) | 0.214 | |
| CRP increased, n (%) | 22 (31.9) | 50 (29.4) | 1.123 (0.614-2.056) | 0.706 | |
| Low C3, n (%) | 35 (50.7) | 64 (37.6) | 1.705 (0.969-2.999) | 0.064 | |
| Low C4, n (%) | 33 (47.8) | 62 (36.5) | 1.597 (0.906-2.813) | 0.105 | |
| ANA positive, n (%) | 43 (62.3) | 103 (60.6) | 1.076 (0.605-1.914) | 0.804 | |
IS, ischemic stroke; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; aGAPSS, adjusted Global Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome Score; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HCQ, Hydroxychloroquine; LAC, lupus anticoagulant; aCL, anti-cardiolipin antibody; aβ2GPI, anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibody; aPL, antiphospholipid antibody; INR, international normalized ratio; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; C3, complement 3; C4, complement 4; ANA, antinuclear antibody.The provided bold values mean P-value < 0.05.