Table 1.
Assessment of risk of bias in the included studies.
| References | Criteria | Total | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||
| Askin et al. (36) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Barros et al. (59) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Bonin et al. (60) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Cha et al. (37) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Chang et al. (38) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Chen et al. (32) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Chen et al. (39) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Chen et al. (41) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Chervyakov et al. (33) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Di Lazzaro et al. (63) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Di Lazzaro et al. (40) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Du et al. (20) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Du et al. (21) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Du et al. (22) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Fregni et al. (42) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Guan et al. (51) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Harvey et al. (61) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Hosomi et al. (53) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Hsu et al. (52) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Jil et al. (43) | N | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Juan et al. (23) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Khan et al. (50) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Khedr et al. (24) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Kim et al. (25) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Kuzu et al. (26) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Li et al. (27) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Long et al. (28) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Luk et al. (44) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Malcolm et al. (45) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Matsuura et al. (46) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Meng et al. (29) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Haghighi et al. (47) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Qin et al. (56) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Rose et al. (62) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Sharma et al. (58) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Sung et al. (34) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Wang et al. (35) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Yang et al. (54) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Seniów et al. (57) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Gottlieb et al. (55) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Higgins et al. (48) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| kim et al. (30) | Y | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Watanabe et al. (31) | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Özkeskin et al. (64) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Kim et al. (49) | Y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Criteria numbers: 1, eligibility criteria; 2, random allocation; 3, concealed allocation; 4, similar groups at baseline; 5, blinding subjects; 6, blinding therapists; 7, blinding assessors; 8, outcome obtained in more than 85% of the subjects; 9, intention-to-treat analysis; 10, between-group statistical comparisons; 11, point estimates and measures of variability.