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. 2022 Jul 29;13:962912. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.962912

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of early ART initiation on FoxP3+ CD8 T-cell immune activation and senescence. (A) Gating strategies used in flow cytometry to define activated FoxP3 + CD8 T-cells (CD8+FoxP3+HLA-DR+CD38+). (B) Gating strategies used in flow cytometry to define immunosenescent FoxP3 + CD8 T-cells (CD8+FoxP3+CD28-CD57+). Frequencies of CD8+FoxP3+HLA-DR+CD38+ (C), and CD8+FoxP3+CD28-CD57+ (D) within CD8 T-cells. Statistical significance is indicated in the figures as follow: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. Differences among five study groups was determined by nonparametric Mann-Whitney rank test for unpaired variables, while the Wilcoxon rank tests were used for paired variables in the longitudinal study. Sample size in cross-sectional analysis: non-infected n=20, Acute n=26, Chronic ART- n=10, Chronic ART+ n=11, EC n=18. Sample size in longitudinal analysis: non-infected n=20, ART- n=10, ART+ n=10.