Table 3. Characteristics of CD patients with and without clinical relapse.
| Variables | Relapse (n=27) | Remission (n=46) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Males | 17 (63.0) | 25 (54.3) | 0.472 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 27.0 (17.0–39.0) | 22.0 (18.0–29.5) | 0.567 |
| Disease duration (months) | 83.03 (5.93–86.43) | 38.0 (20.9–54.5) | 0.458 |
| SIBO+ | 17 (63.0) | 17 (37.0) | 0.032 |
| Montreal location | |||
| L1 (ileal) | 6 (22.2) | 17 (37.0) | 0.191 |
| L2 (colonic) | 3 (11.1) | 5 (10.9) | 1.000 |
| L3 (ileocolonic) | 18 (66.7) | 23 (50.0) | 0.166 |
| Isolated L4 (upper GI tract) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.2) | 1.000 |
| Small bowel lesions | 25 (92.6) | 40 (87.0) | 0.722 |
| Montreal behavior at diagnosis | |||
| B1 (non-stricturing, non-penetrating) | 12 (44.4) | 28 (60.9) | 0.173 |
| B2 (stricturing) | 11 (40.7) | 18 (39.1) | 0.892 |
| B3 (penetrating) | 4 (14.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.031 |
| P (perianal disease) | 16 (59.3) | 16 (34.8) | 0.042 |
| Previous bowel resection | 4 (14.8) | 8 (17.4) | 1.000 |
| Smoker | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.3) | 0.527 |
| Current medication | |||
| 5-ASA | 19 (70.4) | 35 (76.1) | 0.591 |
| Steroids | 1 (3.7) | 2 (4.3) | 1.000 |
| Immunomodulator | 5 (18.5) | 6 (13.0) | 0.770 |
| Anti-TNF | 1 (3.7) | 4 (8.7) | 0.737 |
| EEN | 22 (81.5) | 32 (69.6) | 0.263 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 5.9±2.5 | 4.8±1.6 | 0.948 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 124±16 | 125±19 | 0.048 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 287±101 | 216±75 | 0.187 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 43.3±6.8 | 41.6±5.1 | 0.060 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.4 (1.8–7.0) | 1.4 (0.5–3.0) | 0.0004 |
| ESR (mm/h) | 13 [6–24] | 7 [6–23] | 0.001 |
| Interleukin-6 (ng/L) | 9.83 (6.88–18.32) | 5.43 (4.79–7.81) | 0.0004 |
| Fecal calprotectin (μg/g), n=56 | 696.6 (449.9–847.0) | 72.3 (35.1–461.1) | 0.010 |
| CDAI | 81.86±34.90 | 64.05±42.08 | 0.301 |
Data are n (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR). CD, Crohn’s disease; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; SIBO, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; EEN, exclusive enteral nutrition; WBC, white blood cell count; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CDAI, Crohn’s Disease Activity Index.