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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Liver Dis. 2022 Jan 24;42(1):17–33. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1742277

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Timeline of intrahepatic biliary development and potential roles of YAP1 in intrahepatic biliary differentiation and morphogenesis during development. (A) Notch activation is evident in earliest biliary cells adjacent to portal mesenchyme during early liver development from embryonic day 11 to 13 (E11–E13). These cells begin to mature as cholangiocytes, whereas a second layer of biliary cells appears from immature hepatocytes as hepatocyte-specific transcription factors like HNF4α are shut-off and biliary transcription factors like Sox-9 are tuned on, under the influence of TGFβ from portal mesenchyme. Eventually both layers of biliary cells come together to form a duct composed of maturing and polarizing cholangiocytes with appropriate surrounding laminin. (B) Potential roles of YAP1 in regulating biliary differentiation in the first and second layers of hepatoblasts which eventually form the mature bile ducts. (C) Potential roles of YAP1 in biliary cell polarization and laminin deposition during bile duct maturation.