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. 2022 Jul 28;28(28):3535–3554. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3535

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Schematic diagram showing the protective effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ against the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) interacts with multiple pathways, leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and cell metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. BAX: B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein; IκBα: Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibition alpha; IL: Interleukin; TIMP: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; ECM: Extracellular matrix; αSMA: Alpha-smooth muscle actin; TGFβ: Transforming growth factor beta; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; APF1: Apoptotic protease activating factor 1.