Figure 3. Proposed Center-Based/Platform-Based Variant Filters Remove Spurious Associations in Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project Whole-Genome Sequencing.

Figure shows the Manhattan (left) and quantile-quantile (right) plots. (A) Model 1 indicates many spurious hits. (B) Model 2 shows that adjustment for center/platform can reduce many, but not all, spurious hits. (C) Filters remove most spurious hits. (D) Further adjustment for center/platform removes few additional spurious hits.