Table 4.
Quantitative Self-Report Outcomes of Emotional and Social Functioning and Pain and General Coping
| Measures | Health Education Control | Active Brains–Fitbit | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline M (SD, range) |
Post-test M (SD, range) |
M difference (Post–Pre) | p | Cohen’s d | Baseline M (SD, range) |
Post-test M (SD, range) |
M difference (Post–Pre) | p | Cohen’s d | |
| PCS | 11.6 (9.4, 1–28); n = 10 | 11 (7.1, 2–24); n = 11 | −0.4 | .8 | 0 | 9.4 (6.8, 2–19); n = 9 | 7.1 (5.6, 1–18); n = 8 | −1.5 | .31 | 0.3 |
| PROMIS Dep | 55.6 (11.1, 37.1–73.8); n = 11 | 54.3 (11.7, 37.1–73.8); n = 11 | −1.4 | .54 | 0.1 | 51.6 (6.6, 43.1–61.7); n = 9 | 52.5 (8.6, 37.1–60.7); n = 8 | 0.4 | .81 | 0.1 |
| PROMIS Anx | 52.9 (10.1, 37.1–74.2); n = 11 | 53.7 (11, 37.1–68.9); n = 11 | 0.8 | .7 | 0.1 | 51 (10, 37.1–62.5); n = 9 | 47.9 (10.2, 37.1–60.5); n = 8 | −4.8 | .16 | 0.5 |
| PROMIS ES | 49.4 (9.6, 34.2–62); n = 11 | 48.8 (9.5, 34.2–62); n = 11 | −0.6 | .28 | 0.1 | 51.1 (11.2, 37.5–62); n = 9 | 52.1 (9.1, 41.1–62); n = 8 | 0.3 | .86 | 0 |
| UCLA-8 | 13.4 (4.4, 6–19); n = 10 | 13.3 (3.6, 8–19); n = 9 | −0.6 | .67 | 0.1 | 12.9 (3.3, 8–16); n = 9 | 12.6 (5.2, 3–18); n = 8 | −0.1 | .91 | 0 |
| CAMS-R | 33.8 (8, 18–44); n = 11 | 35.3 (6, 23–42); n = 11 | 1.4 | .46 | 0.2 | 31.9 (7.3, 25–45); n = 8 | 33.9 (6.1, 26–42); n = 8 | 2.4 | .4 | 0.4 |
| PSEQ | 35.5 (18.9, 9–58); n = 10 | 38 (13.5, 13–58); n = 11 | 2.5 | .46 | 0.2 | 38 (14.2, 23–60); n = 9 | 42.9 (14.5, 28–60); n = 7 | 9.0 | .1 | 0.7 |
| MOCS-A | 25.6 (10.1, 19–30); n = 11 | 28.3 (8.7, 11–42); n = 11 | 2.6 | .29 | 0.3 | 30.4 (12.4, 11–52); n = 9 | 36.1 (14.2, 16–52); n = 7 | 5.7 | .08 | 0.4 |
| GQ-6 | 32.5 (7.6, 19–41); n = 11 | 35.9 (5.1, 26–42); n = 11 | 3.4 | .12 | 0.5 | 36.2 (5.9, 27–42); n = 9 | 35.5 (7.1, 21–42); n = 8 | −0.7 | .67 | 0.1 |
| TKS | 37.6 (8.9, 17–47); n = 8 | 35.8 (7.4, 25–45); n = 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 31.9 (6.2, 21–40); n = 8 | 31.2 (13.5, 19–55); n = 6 | 1.0 | .8 | 0.1 |
| SCS-SF | 44.4 (8.5, 31–56); n = 11 | 43.6 (6.9, 33–56); n = 10 | −1.3 | .37 | 0.1 | 45.6 (7.9, 34–60); n = 8 | 43.2 (7.4, 35–56); n = 8 | −1.9 | .48 | 0.2 |
Notes: PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PROMIS Dep = PROMIS depression; PROMIS Anx = PROMIS anxiety; PROMIS ES = PROMIS emotional support; UCLA-8 = UCLA Loneliness Scale; CAMS-R = The Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale; PSEQ = Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; MOCS-A = The Measure of Current Status—Part A; GQ-6 = The Gratitude Questionnaire; TKS = Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale; SCS-SF = Self-Compassion Scale—Short Form. “M difference” = mean of the differences from the paired samples t-test.